atgyfnerthu
Welsh
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Verb
[edit]atgyfnerthu (first-person singular present atgyfnerthaf)
- to reinforce, to strengthen
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation (literary)
| singular | plural | impersonal | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
| present indicative/future | atgyfnerthaf | atgyfnerthi | atgyfnertha | atgyfnerthwn | atgyfnerthwch | atgyfnerthant | atgyfnerthir | |
| imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/ conditional |
atgyfnerthwn | atgyfnerthit | atgyfnerthai | atgyfnerthem | atgyfnerthech | atgyfnerthent | atgyfnerthid | |
| preterite | atgyfnerthais | atgyfnerthaist | atgyfnerthodd | atgyfnerthasom | atgyfnerthasoch | atgyfnerthasant | atgyfnerthwyd | |
| pluperfect | atgyfnerthaswn | atgyfnerthasit | atgyfnerthasai | atgyfnerthasem | atgyfnerthasech | atgyfnerthasent | atgyfnerthasid, atgyfnerthesid | |
| present subjunctive | atgyfnerthwyf | atgyfnerthych | atgyfnertho | atgyfnerthom | atgyfnerthoch | atgyfnerthont | atgyfnerther | |
| imperative | — | atgyfnertha | atgyfnerthed | atgyfnerthwn | atgyfnerthwch | atgyfnerthent | atgyfnerther | |
| verbal noun | atgyfnerthu | |||||||
| verbal adjectives | atgyfnerthedig atgyfnerthadwy | |||||||
Conjugation (colloquial)
| Inflected colloquial forms | singular | plural | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |
| future | atgyfnertha i, atgyfnerthaf i | atgyfnerthi di | atgyfnerthith o/e/hi, atgyfnerthiff e/hi | atgyfnerthwn ni | atgyfnerthwch chi | atgyfnerthan nhw |
| conditional | atgyfnerthwn i, atgyfnerthswn i | atgyfnerthet ti, atgyfnerthset ti | atgyfnerthai fo/fe/hi, atgyfnerthsai fo/fe/hi | atgyfnerthen ni, atgyfnerthsen ni | atgyfnerthech chi, atgyfnerthsech chi | atgyfnerthen nhw, atgyfnerthsen nhw |
| preterite | atgyfnerthais i, atgyfnerthes i | atgyfnerthaist ti, atgyfnerthest ti | atgyfnerthodd o/e/hi | atgyfnerthon ni | atgyfnerthoch chi | atgyfnerthon nhw |
| imperative | — | atgyfnertha | — | — | atgyfnerthwch | — |
| Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh. | ||||||
Derived terms
[edit]- atgyfnerthiad (“reinforcement, strengthening”)
- atgyfnerthol (“reinforcing, strengthening”)
Mutation
[edit]| radical | soft | nasal | h-prothesis |
|---|---|---|---|
| atgyfnerthu | unchanged | unchanged | hatgyfnerthu |
Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.
Further reading
[edit]- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “atgyfnerthu”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies