arbeiten
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See also: Arbeiten
German
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old High German arbeiten, from Proto-Germanic *arbaidijaną, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₃órbʰos (“orphan”), from which English orphan is also derived. Cognates include Dutch arbeiden, Old Saxon arvedian, Gothic 𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 (arbaidjan).
Pronunciation
[edit]- IPA(key): /ˈaʁbaɪ̯tən/, [ˈʔäʁbäɪ̯tən], [-tn̩], [-ʔn̩]
Audio (Germany): (file) Audio (Germany): (file) Audio (Austria): (file) - Hyphenation: ar‧bei‧ten
Verb
[edit]arbeiten (weak, third-person singular present arbeitet, past tense arbeitete, past participle gearbeitet, auxiliary haben)
- (intransitive) to work (to do a specific task by employing physical or mental powers) [with an (+ dative)]
- Wir arbeiten an der Wiederherstellung des Service. ― We are working on resuming service.
- 1932, Erich Mühsam, Die Befreiung der Gesellschaft vom Staat, in: Erich Mühsam: Prosaschriften II, Verlag europäische ideen Berlin (1978), page 255:
- Wir verstehen unter Kommunismus die auf Gütergemeinschaft beruhende Gesellschaftsbeziehung, die jedem nach seinen Fähigkeiten zu arbeiten, jedem nach seinen Bedürfnissen zu verbrauchen erlaubt.
- We understand by communism the relationship of society that is based on public ownership, that allows everyone to work according to his capabilities, everyone to consume according to his needs.
- (intransitive) to work, function, run, operate (to be operative, in action)
- einwandfrei arbeiten. ― to work properly.
- (intransitive) to ferment (to react, using fermentation)
- (intransitive) to work, execute (to set into action)
- (transitive, briefly artisanal) to make, produce (to create)
- (transitive, only with pronouns like etwas, nichts) to do, perform (to carry out or execute, especially something involving work)
- (reflexive) to work oneself (to) (to make oneself (a certain state) by working)
- (reflexive) to work one's way (to attain through work, by gradual degrees)
- (reflexive and impersonal) to work (translated by rephrasing to use a general “you” or with the gerund, “working”) (to do a specific task by employing physical or mental powers)
Conjugation
[edit]infinitive | arbeiten | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
present participle | arbeitend | ||||
past participle | gearbeitet | ||||
auxiliary | haben | ||||
indicative | subjunctive | ||||
singular | plural | singular | plural | ||
present | ich arbeite | wir arbeiten | i | ich arbeite | wir arbeiten |
du arbeitest | ihr arbeitet | du arbeitest | ihr arbeitet | ||
er arbeitet | sie arbeiten | er arbeite | sie arbeiten | ||
preterite | ich arbeitete | wir arbeiteten | ii | ich arbeitete1 | wir arbeiteten1 |
du arbeitetest | ihr arbeitetet | du arbeitetest1 | ihr arbeitetet1 | ||
er arbeitete | sie arbeiteten | er arbeitete1 | sie arbeiteten1 | ||
imperative | arbeit (du) arbeite (du) |
arbeitet (ihr) |
1Rare except in very formal contexts; alternative in würde normally preferred.
- The past participle can also be gearbeit and rather rarely gearbeitt, gearbeit't.
Derived terms
[edit]Derived terms
- abarbeiten
- Arbeit
- Arbeiten
- arbeitend
- Arbeiter
- aufarbeiten
- ausarbeiten
- bearbeiten
- durcharbeiten
- einarbeiten
- emporarbeiten
- erarbeiten
- handarbeiten
- heranarbeiten
- herausarbeiten
- hinarbeiten
- hocharbeiten
- kurzarbeiten
- mitarbeiten
- nacharbeiten
- schwarzarbeiten
- totarbeiten
- überarbeiten
- umarbeiten
- verarbeiten
- vorarbeiten
- wegarbeiten
- zuarbeiten
- zusammenarbeiten
Further reading
[edit]Categories:
- German terms inherited from Old High German
- German terms derived from Old High German
- German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- German terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- German terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- German 3-syllable words
- German terms with IPA pronunciation
- German terms with audio pronunciation
- German lemmas
- German verbs
- German weak verbs
- German verbs using haben as auxiliary
- German intransitive verbs
- German terms with usage examples
- German terms with quotations
- German transitive verbs
- German reflexive verbs
- German impersonal verbs