anhrefnu
Welsh
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From an- (“un-”) + trefnu (“to order”).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (North Wales) IPA(key): /anˈhrɛvnɨ/
- (South Wales) IPA(key): /anˈhrɛvni/
Verb
[edit]anhrefnu (first-person singular present anhrefnaf)
- to disorganise, to disarrange, to confuse
- Synonyms: annibennu, drysu, annhacluso
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation (literary)
| singular | plural | impersonal | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
| present indicative/future | anhrefnaf | anhrefni | anhrefna | anhrefnwn | anhrefnwch | anhrefnant | anhrefnir | |
| imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/ conditional |
anhrefnwn | anhrefnit | anhrefnai | anhrefnem | anhrefnech | anhrefnent | anhrefnid | |
| preterite | anhrefnais | anhrefnaist | anhrefnodd | anhrefnasom | anhrefnasoch | anhrefnasant | anhrefnwyd | |
| pluperfect | anhrefnaswn | anhrefnasit | anhrefnasai | anhrefnasem | anhrefnasech | anhrefnasent | anhrefnasid, anhrefnesid | |
| present subjunctive | anhrefnwyf | anhrefnych | anhrefno | anhrefnom | anhrefnoch | anhrefnont | anhrefner | |
| imperative | — | anhrefna | anhrefned | anhrefnwn | anhrefnwch | anhrefnent | anhrefner | |
| verbal noun | anhrefnu | |||||||
| verbal adjectives | anhrefnedig anhrefnadwy | |||||||
Conjugation (colloquial)
| Inflected colloquial forms | singular | plural | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |
| future | anhrefna i, anhrefnaf i | anhrefni di | anhrefnith o/e/hi, anhrefniff e/hi | anhrefnwn ni | anhrefnwch chi | anhrefnan nhw |
| conditional | anhrefnwn i, anhrefnswn i | anhrefnet ti, anhrefnset ti | anhrefnai fo/fe/hi, anhrefnsai fo/fe/hi | anhrefnen ni, anhrefnsen ni | anhrefnech chi, anhrefnsech chi | anhrefnen nhw, anhrefnsen nhw |
| preterite | anhrefnais i, anhrefnes i | anhrefnaist ti, anhrefnest ti | anhrefnodd o/e/hi | anhrefnon ni | anhrefnoch chi | anhrefnon nhw |
| imperative | — | anhrefna | — | — | anhrefnwch | — |
| Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh. | ||||||
Derived terms
[edit]- anhrefn (“disorder”)
Mutation
[edit]| radical | soft | nasal | h-prothesis |
|---|---|---|---|
| anhrefnu | unchanged | unchanged | hanhrefnu |
Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.
Further reading
[edit]- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “anhrefnu”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies