andach

Old Irish

Etymology

an- (“un-”) +‎ dag (“good”), from Proto-Celtic *dagos (“good”). Cognate with early Proto-Brythonic *andagin (accusative singular feminine) (later *andaɣ), found in the Bath curse tablets.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈan͈dax]

Noun

andach n (genitive andaig, nominative plural andach)

1. wickedness, iniquity
   • c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 134^d3

     Ɔ·riris-siu .i. ar·troídfe{a}-siu inna droch daíni, a Dǽ, dia n‑anduch, air is fechtnach a n‑andach mani erthroítar húa Día.

     You will bind, i.e. you will restrain the evil people, O God, from their iniquity, for their iniquity is prosperous if they are not restrained by God.

Declension

Neuter o-stem

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	andachN	andachN	andachL, andga
vocative	andachN	andachN	andachL, andga
accusative	andachN	andachN	andachL, andga
genitive	andaigL	andach	andachN
dative	anduchL	andgaib	andgaib

Initial mutations of a following adjective:

• ^H = triggers aspiration
• ^L = triggers lenition
• ^N = triggers nasalization

Descendants

• Middle Irish: annach

Mutation

Mutation of andach

radical	lenition	nasalization
andach (pronounced with /h/ in h-prothesis environments)	unchanged	n-andach

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 andach”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language