amgylchu
Welsh
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From amgylch (“circumference; perimeter”) + -u.
Verb
[edit]amgylchu (first-person singular present amgylchaf)
- to encircle, to surround
- (mathematics) to circumscribe
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation (literary)
| singular | plural | impersonal | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
| present indicative/future | amgylchaf | amgylchi | amgylcha | amgylchwn | amgylchwch | amgylchant | amgylchir | |
| imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/ conditional |
amgylchwn | amgylchit | amgylchai | amgylchem | amgylchech | amgylchent | amgylchid | |
| preterite | amgylchais | amgylchaist | amgylchodd | amgylchasom | amgylchasoch | amgylchasant | amgylchwyd | |
| pluperfect | amgylchaswn | amgylchasit | amgylchasai | amgylchasem | amgylchasech | amgylchasent | amgylchasid, amgylchesid | |
| present subjunctive | amgylchwyf | amgylchych | amgylcho | amgylchom | amgylchoch | amgylchont | amgylcher | |
| imperative | — | amgylcha | amgylched | amgylchwn | amgylchwch | amgylchent | amgylcher | |
| verbal noun | amgylchu | |||||||
| verbal adjectives | amgylchedig amgylchadwy | |||||||
Conjugation (colloquial)
| Inflected colloquial forms | singular | plural | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |
| future | amgylcha i, amgylchaf i | amgylchi di | amgylchith o/e/hi, amgylchiff e/hi | amgylchwn ni | amgylchwch chi | amgylchan nhw |
| conditional | amgylchwn i, amgylchswn i | amgylchet ti, amgylchset ti | amgylchai fo/fe/hi, amgylchsai fo/fe/hi | amgylchen ni, amgylchsen ni | amgylchech chi, amgylchsech chi | amgylchen nhw, amgylchsen nhw |
| preterite | amgylchais i, amgylches i | amgylchaist ti, amgylchest ti | amgylchodd o/e/hi | amgylchon ni | amgylchoch chi | amgylchon nhw |
| imperative | — | amgylcha | — | — | amgylchwch | — |
| Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh. | ||||||
Derived terms
[edit]- amgylchedig (“circumscribed”)
- amgylchiad (“circumstance”)
- amgylchol (“ambient, circumscribed”)
Mutation
[edit]| radical | soft | nasal | h-prothesis |
|---|---|---|---|
| amgylchu | unchanged | unchanged | hamgylchu |
Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.
Further reading
[edit]- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “amgylchu”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies