amddiffyn
Appearance
Welsh
[edit]Etymology
[edit]am- + diffyn, from Proto-Brythonic *difɨnnɨd, from Vulgar Latin *dīfendō, from Latin dēfendō (“defend”).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (North Wales) IPA(key): /amˈðɪfɨ̞n/
- (South Wales) IPA(key): /amˈðɪfɪn/
- Rhymes: -ɪfɨ̞n
Verb
[edit]amddiffyn (first-person singular present amddiffynnaf)
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation (literary)
singular | plural | impersonal | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
present indicative/future | amddiffynnaf | amddiffynni | amddiffyn, amddiffynna | amddiffynnwn | amddiffynnwch | amddiffynnant | amddiffynnir | |
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/ conditional |
amddiffynnwn | amddiffynnit | amddiffynnai | amddiffynnem | amddiffynnech | amddiffynnent | amddiffynnid | |
preterite | amddiffynnais | amddiffynnaist | amddiffynnodd | amddiffynasom | amddiffynasoch | amddiffynasant | amddiffynnwyd | |
pluperfect | amddiffynaswn | amddiffynasit | amddiffynasai | amddiffynasem | amddiffynasech | amddiffynasent | amddiffynasid, amddiffynesid | |
present subjunctive | amddiffynnwyf | amddiffynnych | amddiffynno | amddiffynnom | amddiffynnoch | amddiffynnont | amddiffynner | |
imperative | — | amddiffynna | amddiffynned | amddiffynnwn | amddiffynnwch | amddiffynnent | amddiffynner | |
verbal noun | amddiffyn | |||||||
verbal adjectives | amddiffynedig amddiffynadwy |
Conjugation (colloquial)
Inflected colloquial forms | singular | plural | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | first | second | third | |
future | amddiffynna i, amddiffynnaf i | amddiffynni di | amddiffynnith o/e/hi, amddiffynniff e/hi | amddiffynnwn ni | amddiffynnwch chi | amddiffynnan nhw |
conditional | amddifynnwn i, amddifynswn i | amddifynnet ti, amddifynset ti | amddiffynnai fo/fe/hi, amddifynsai fo/fe/hi | amddifynnen ni, amddifynsen ni | amddifynnech chi, amddifynsech chi | amddifynnen nhw, amddifynsen nhw |
preterite | amddiffynnais i, amddiffynnes i | amddiffynnaist ti, amddiffynnest ti | amddiffynnodd o/e/hi | amddiffynnon ni | amddiffynnoch chi | amddiffynnon nhw |
imperative | — | amddiffynna | — | — | amddiffynnwch | — |
Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh. |
Derived terms
[edit]Mutation
[edit]radical | soft | nasal | h-prothesis |
---|---|---|---|
amddiffyn | unchanged | unchanged | hamddiffyn |
Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.
Further reading
[edit]- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “amddiffynnaf”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies