ahkera
Finnish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Uncertain. Traditionally connected with dialectal ahku (“eagerness, zeal”),[1] but this word is likewise of unknown origin. According to Häkkinen (2004), which follows Nikkilä (1998), perhaps a borrowing from dialectal Swedish ager (“hard-working”),[2][3] but this sense for the word, supposedly found only in dialects within Finland, does not seem to have a particularly wide distribution nor even be the primary meaning in the regions where it is found.
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]ahkera (comparative ahkerampi, superlative ahkerin)
- industrious, hardworking [with illative of third infinitive (with verbs)]
Declension
[edit]Inflection of ahkera (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
nominative | ahkera | ahkerat | |
genitive | ahkeran | ahkerien | |
partitive | ahkeraa | ahkeria | |
illative | ahkeraan | ahkeriin | |
singular | plural | ||
nominative | ahkera | ahkerat | |
accusative | nom. | ahkera | ahkerat |
gen. | ahkeran | ||
genitive | ahkeran | ahkerien ahkerain rare | |
partitive | ahkeraa | ahkeria | |
inessive | ahkerassa | ahkerissa | |
elative | ahkerasta | ahkerista | |
illative | ahkeraan | ahkeriin | |
adessive | ahkeralla | ahkerilla | |
ablative | ahkeralta | ahkerilta | |
allative | ahkeralle | ahkerille | |
essive | ahkerana | ahkerina | |
translative | ahkeraksi | ahkeriksi | |
abessive | ahkeratta | ahkeritta | |
instructive | — | ahkerin | |
comitative | — | ahkerine |
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The Origin of Finnish Words][1] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN
- ^ Osmo Nikkilä (1998) “Suomen hk germaanista g:tä vastaamassa”, in Johanna Laakso, Riho Grünthal, editor, Oekeeta asijoo. Commentationes Fenno-Ugricae in honorem Seppo Suhonen sexagenarii 16. V. 1998 (Suomalais-Ugrilaisen Seuran Toimituksia; 228), Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, →ISBN, pages 350–359
- ^ Häkkinen, Kaisa (2004) Nykysuomen etymologinen sanakirja [Modern Finnish Etymological Dictionary] (in Finnish), Juva: WSOY, →ISBN
Further reading
[edit]- “ahkera”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish][2] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02
Anagrams
[edit]Ingrian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Finnic [Term?]. Cognates include Finnish ahkera.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈɑhkerɑ/, [ˈɑxke̞r]
- (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈɑhkerɑ/, [ˈɑxke̞rɑ]
- (Hevaha) IPA(key): /ˈɑhkerɑ/, [ˈɑxke̞rɑ]
- Rhymes: -ɑhker, -ɑhkerɑ
- Hyphenation: ah‧ke‧ra
Adjective
[edit]ahkera (comparative ahkeramp)
Declension
[edit]Declension of ahkera (type 3/kana, no gradation) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | ahkera | ahkerat |
genitive | ahkeran | ahkeroin |
partitive | ahkeraa | ahkeroja |
illative | ahkeraa | ahkeroihe |
inessive | ahkeraas | ahkerois |
elative | ahkerast | ahkeroist |
allative | ahkeralle | ahkeroille |
adessive | ahkeraal | ahkeroil |
ablative | ahkeralt | ahkeroilt |
translative | ahkeraks | ahkeroiks |
essive | ahkeranna, ahkeraan | ahkeroinna, ahkeroin |
exessive1) | ahkerant | ahkeroint |
1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive. |
Synonyms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 3
- Arvo Laanest (1997) Isuri keele Hevaha murde sõnastik, Eesti Keele Instituut, page 16
- Olga I. Konkova, Nikita A. Dyachkov (2014) Inkeroin Keel: Пособие по Ижорскому Языку[3], →ISBN, page 70
Karelian
[edit]North Karelian (Viena) |
ahkera |
---|---|
South Karelian (Tver) |
ahkera |
Etymology
[edit]Cognates include Finnish ahkera and Ingrian ahkera.
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]ahkera (genitive ahkeran, partitive ahkerua, comparative ahkerampi / ahkerambi, superlative ahkerin)
Declension
[edit]Viena Karelian declension of ahkera (type 4/kala, no gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | ||
nominative | ahkera | ahkerat | |
genitive | ahkeran | ahkerojen | |
partitive | ahkerua | ahkeroja | |
illative | ahkerah | ahkeroih | |
inessive | ahkerašša | ahkeroissa | |
elative | ahkerašta | ahkeroista | |
adessive | ahkeralla | ahkeroilla | |
ablative | ahkeralta | ahkeroilta | |
translative | ahkerakši | ahkeroiksi | |
essive | ahkerana | ahkeroina | |
comitative | — | ahkeroineh | |
abessive | ahkeratta | ahkeroitta |
Tver Karelian declension of ahkera (type 4/kala no gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | ||
nominative | ahkera | ahkerat | |
genitive | ahkeran | ahkeroin | |
partitive | ahkerua | ahkeroida | |
illative | ahkerah | ahkeroih | |
inessive | ahkerašša | ahkeroissa | |
elative | ahkerašta | ahkeroista | |
adessive | ahkeralla | ahkeroilla | |
ablative | ahkeralda | ahkeroilda | |
translative | ahkerakši | ahkeroiksi | |
essive | ahkerana | ahkeroina | |
comitative | ahkeranke | ahkeroinke | |
abessive | ahkeratta | ahkeroitta |
Possessive forms of ahkera | ||
---|---|---|
1st person | ahkerani | |
2nd person | ahkeraš | |
3rd person | ahkerah | |
*) Possessive forms are very rare for adjectives and only used in substantivised clauses. |
References
[edit]- P. Zaykov, L. Rugoyeva (1999) “ahkera”, in Карельско-Русский словарь (Северно-Карельские диалекты) [Karelian-Russian dictionary (North Karelian dialects)], Petrozavodsk, →ISBN
- Pertti Virtaranta, Raija Koponen (2009) “ahkera”, in Marja Torikka, editor, Karjalan kielen sanakirja[4], Helsinki: Kotus, →ISSN
- Finnish terms with unknown etymologies
- Finnish 3-syllable words
- Finnish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Finnish/ɑhkerɑ
- Rhymes:Finnish/ɑhkerɑ/3 syllables
- Finnish lemmas
- Finnish adjectives
- Finnish koira-type nominals
- Ingrian terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
- Ingrian terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Ingrian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Ingrian/ɑhker
- Rhymes:Ingrian/ɑhker/3 syllables
- Rhymes:Ingrian/ɑhkerɑ
- Rhymes:Ingrian/ɑhkerɑ/3 syllables
- Ingrian lemmas
- Ingrian adjectives
- Karelian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Karelian lemmas
- Karelian adjectives