affiler
French
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From fil, or from Vulgar Latin *affilāre, from Latin fīlum. Compare Italian affilare, Spanish afilar, Portuguese afiar.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]affiler
- to sharpen (to make sharp)
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of affiler (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | affiler | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | affilant /a.fi.lɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | affilé /a.fi.le/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | affile /a.fil/ |
affiles /a.fil/ |
affile /a.fil/ |
affilons /a.fi.lɔ̃/ |
affilez /a.fi.le/ |
affilent /a.fil/ |
| imperfect | affilais /a.fi.lɛ/ |
affilais /a.fi.lɛ/ |
affilait /a.fi.lɛ/ |
affilions /a.fi.ljɔ̃/ |
affiliez /a.fi.lje/ |
affilaient /a.fi.lɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | affilai /a.fi.le/ |
affilas /a.fi.la/ |
affila /a.fi.la/ |
affilâmes /a.fi.lam/ |
affilâtes /a.fi.lat/ |
affilèrent /a.fi.lɛʁ/ | |
| future | affilerai /a.fil.ʁe/ |
affileras /a.fil.ʁa/ |
affilera /a.fil.ʁa/ |
affilerons /a.fil.ʁɔ̃/ |
affilerez /a.fil.ʁe/ |
affileront /a.fil.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | affilerais /a.fil.ʁɛ/ |
affilerais /a.fil.ʁɛ/ |
affilerait /a.fil.ʁɛ/ |
affilerions /a.fi.lə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
affileriez /a.fi.lə.ʁje/ |
affileraient /a.fil.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | affile /a.fil/ |
affiles /a.fil/ |
affile /a.fil/ |
affilions /a.fi.ljɔ̃/ |
affiliez /a.fi.lje/ |
affilent /a.fil/ |
| imperfect2 | affilasse /a.fi.las/ |
affilasses /a.fi.las/ |
affilât /a.fi.la/ |
affilassions /a.fi.la.sjɔ̃/ |
affilassiez /a.fi.la.sje/ |
affilassent /a.fi.las/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | affile /a.fil/ |
— | affilons /a.fi.lɔ̃/ |
affilez /a.fi.le/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “affiler”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.