ablativus rei efficientis

Latin

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ab.laːˈtiː.u̯us ˈre.iː ef.fi.kiˈen.tis/, [äbɫ̪äːˈt̪iːu̯ʊs̠ ˈreiː ɛfːɪkiˈɛn̪t̪ɪs̠]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ab.laˈti.vus ˈre.i ef.fi.t͡ʃiˈen.tis/, [äbläˈt̪iːvus ˈrɛːi efːit͡ʃiˈɛn̪t̪is]

Noun

ablātīvus reī efficientis m (genitive ablātīvī reī efficientis); second declension

1. (grammar) ablative of causing fact

Usage notes

• A distinction is drawn by some Latin classicists between the ablātīvus īnstrūmentī, which is used to denote the cause in both active and passive sentences, and the ablātīvus reī efficientis, which is used in passive sentences and corresponds to the nominative representing an inanimate subject in active sentences. The ablātīvus reī efficientis is also distinguished from the ablātīvus auctōris, which corresponds to an animate subject in active sentences. The ablātīvus auctōris is used with the preposition ā (ab), but the ablātīvus reī efficientis is used without a preposition. For example:
  • Animate subject and ablātīvus īnstrūmentī in an active sentence:

  Deus mundum sōle illūstrat.

  God lights the world with the sun.

  • Ablātīvus auctōris and ablātīvus īnstrūmentī in a passive sentence:

  Mundus ā Deō sōle illūstrātur.

  The world is lit by God with the sun.

  • Inanimate subject:

  Sōl mundum illūstrat.

  The sun lights the world.

  • Ablātīvus reī efficientis:

  Sōle mundus illūstrātur.

  The world is lit by the sun.

Declension

Second-declension noun with an indeclinable portion.

	singular	plural
nominative	ablātīvus reī efficientis	ablātīvī reī efficientis
genitive	ablātīvī reī efficientis	ablātīvōrum reī efficientis
dative	ablātīvō reī efficientis	ablātīvīs reī efficientis
accusative	ablātīvum reī efficientis	ablātīvōs reī efficientis
ablative	ablātīvō reī efficientis	ablātīvīs reī efficientis
vocative	ablātīve reī efficientis	ablātīvī reī efficientis

See also

• ablātivus causae
• ablātivus īnstrūmentī
• ablātivus modī