Wiktionary:About Chinese/Gan

Wiktionary uses the following system to transcribe Nanchang dialect of Gan Chinese. See Module:gan-pron for the codes.

Initials

IPA	Xiong (1979, 1994)	MFCCD	Transcription	Example	Notes
/p/	p	p	b	巴
/pʰ/	p‘	pʰ	p	爬
/m/	m	m	m	馬
/f/	f	f	f	花
/t/	t	t	d	打
/tʰ/	t‘	tʰ	t	他
/l/	l	l	l	拉
/t͡s/	ts	ʦ	z	遮
/t͡sʰ/	ts‘	ʦʰ	c	車
/s/	s	s	s	沙
/t͡ɕ/	tɕ	ʨ	j	姐	only before high front vowels
/t͡ɕʰ/	tɕ‘	ʨʰ	q	且	only before high front vowels
/n̠ʲ/	ȵ	ȵ	ny	膩	only before high front vowels
/ɕ/	ɕ	ɕ	x	寫	only before high front vowels
/k/	k	k	g	家
/kʰ/	k‘	kʰ	k	抲
/ŋ/	ŋ	ŋ	ng	丫
/h/	h	h	h	蝦

Rhymes

IPA	Xiong (1994)	MFCCD	Transcription	Example	Notes
/z̩/	ɿ	ɿ	i	資	only after /t͡s/, /t͡sʰ/, /s/
/i/	i	i	i	衣
/u/	u	u	u	烏
/y/	y	y	y	迂
/a/	a	ɑ	a	丫
/ia/	ia	iɑ	ia	爺
/ua/	ua	uɑ	ua	娃
/o/	o	o	o	我
/uo/	uo	uo	uo	窩
/e/	e	e	e	許
/ie/	ie	ie	ie	渠
/ue/	ue	-	ue	-
/ye/	ye	ye	ye	靴
/ɵ/	ɵ	ɵ	eo	而
/m̩/	m̩	-	m	姆	zero initial
/n̩/	n̩	n̍	n	你	zero initial
/ŋ̍/	ŋ̍	ŋ̍	ng	五	zero initial
/ai/	ai	ai	ai	愛
/uai/	uai	uai	uai	歪
/oi/	oi	-	oi	-	only used for interjections
/ei/	ei	-	ei	-	only used in contractions
/ɨi/	ɨi	ɨi	i	灰	only after /f/
/ui/	ui	ui	ui	委
/au/	au	ɑu	au	咬
/ɛu/	ɛu	ɛu	eu	猴
/iɛu/	iɛu	iɛu	ieu	腰
/ɨu/	ɨu	ɨu	iu	洲	only after /t͡s/, /t͡sʰ/, /s/
/iu/	iu	iu	iu	優
/an/	an	an	an	淹
/uan/	uan	uan	uan	彎
/ɵn/	on	ɵn	on	安
/uɵn/	uon	uɵn	uon	完
/yɵn/	yon	yɵn	yon	冤
/ɛn/	ɛn	ɛn	en	恆
/iɛn/	iɛn	iɛn	ien	煙
/ɨn/	ɨn	ɨn	iin	本
/in/	in	in	in	陰
/un/	un	un	un	文
/yn/	yn	yn	yn	雲
/aŋ/	aŋ	ɑŋ	ang	坑
/iaŋ/	iaŋ	iɑŋ	iang	影
/uaŋ/	uaŋ	uɑŋ	uang	橫
/ɔŋ/	ɔŋ	ɔŋ	ong	巷
/iɔŋ/	iɔŋ	iɔŋ	iong	羊
/uɔŋ/	uɔŋ	uɔŋ	uong	王
/uŋ/	uŋ	uŋ	ung	翁
/iuŋ/	iuŋ	iuŋ	iung	擁
/at̚/	at	aʔ	at	鴨
/uat̚/	uat	uaʔ	uat	挖
/ɵt̚/	ot	ɵʔ	ot	喝
/uɵt̚/	uot	uɵʔ	uot	活
/yɵt̚/	yot	yɵʔ	yot	越
/ɛt̚/	ɛt	ɛʔ	et	黑
/iɛt̚/	iɛt	iɛʔ	iet	頁
/uɛt̚/	uɛt	uɛʔ	uet	國
/ɨt̚/	ɨt	ɨʔ	iit	不
/it̚/	it	iʔ	it	一
/ut̚/	ut	uɨʔ	ut	骨
/yt̚/	yt	yʔ	yt	屈
/aʔ/	aʔ	ɑʔ	ah	客
/iaʔ/	iaʔ	iɑʔ	iah	額
/uaʔ/	uaʔ	-	uah	-
/ɔʔ/	ɔʔ	ɔʔ	oh	惡
/iɔʔ/	iɔʔ	iɔʔ	ioh	藥
/uɔʔ/	uɔʔ	uɔʔ	uoh	郭
/uʔ/	uʔ	uʔ	uh	屋
/iuʔ/	iuʔ	iuʔ	iuh	肉

Suprasegmentals

Tones

Tone name	Tone value (Wiktionary; Xiong, 1979, 1994)	Tone value (MFCCD)	Transcription	Example	Notes
dark level	42		1	翻
light level (A)	24		2	襻	only with aspirated initials
rising	213		3	反
dark departing (or light level B)	35	45	4	凡	only with unaspirated initials
light departing	11	21	5	飯
dark checked	5		6	法
light checked	2		7	罰
neutral			(unmarked)	朋友

Tone sandhi

• ${\text{rising }}[213]+{\begin{Bmatrix}{\text{dark level }}[42]\\{\text{light level }}[24]\\{\text{dark departing }}[35]\\{\text{dark checked }}[5]\end{Bmatrix}}\to [13]+{\begin{Bmatrix}{\text{dark level }}[42]\\{\text{light level }}[24]\\{\text{dark departing }}[35]\\{\text{dark checked }}[5]\end{Bmatrix}}$
• ${\text{rising }}[213]+{\begin{Bmatrix}{\text{rising }}[213]\\{\text{light departing }}[11]\\{\text{light checked }}[2]\end{Bmatrix}}\to [24]+{\begin{Bmatrix}{\text{rising }}[213]\\{\text{light departing }}[11]\\{\text{light checked }}[2]\end{Bmatrix}}$
• ${\text{rising }}[213]+{\text{neutral}}\to [21]+{\text{neutral}}$

Stress

Stress is indicated by an apostrophe (') before the syllable.

今日 'jin¹ nyit⁶

水果 sui³ 'guo³