Wiktionary:About Hamer-Banna
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This is a Wiktionary policy, guideline or common practices page. This is a draft proposal. It is unofficial, and it is unknown whether it is widely accepted by Wiktionary editors. |
| Policies – Entries: CFI - EL - NORM - NPOV - QUOTE - REDIR - DELETE. Languages: LT - AXX. Others: BLOCK - BOTS - VOTES. |
Hamer-Banna belongs to the South Omotic branch of the Afroasiatic language family.
On Wiktionary, the orthography (and hence also the analysis) follows [1].
Orthography
[edit]Here we list all the glyphs (i.e. letters) that are used in this orthography.
| Majuscule | A | Á | Â | B | Ɓ | C | Cʼ | D | Ɗ | E | É | Ê | Ɛ | Ɛ́ | Ɛ̂ | G | Ɠ | H | I | Í | Î | J | K | L |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Minuscule | a | á | â | b | ɓ | c | cʼ | d | ɗ | e | é | ê | ɛ | ɛ́ | ɛ̂ | g | ɠ | h | i | í | î | j | k | l |
| Majuscule | M | N | Ɲ | O | Ó | Ô | Ɔ | Ɔ́ | Ɔ̂ | P | Q | R | S | T | Tʼ | U | Ú | Û | W | X | Y | Z | ʔ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Minuscule | m | n | ɲ | o | ó | ô | ɔ | ɔ́ | ɔ̂ | p | q | r | s | t | tʼ | u | ú | û | w | x | y | z | ʔ |
Note that some letters cannot occur at the beginning of a word, but the majuscule version is still listed.
Consonants
[edit]| Bilabial | Alveolar | Postalveolar / Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | /m/ m |
/n/ n |
/ɲ/ ɲ |
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| Plosive | /p/, /b/ p, b |
/t/, /d/ t, d |
/t͡ʃ/, /d͡ʒ/ c, j |
/k/, /ɡ/ k, g |
/q/ q |
/ʔ/ ʔ[note 1] |
| Implosive | /ɓ/ ɓ |
/ɗ/ ɗ |
/ɠ/ ɠ |
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| Ejective | /tʼ/ tʼ |
/t͡ʃʼ/ cʼ |
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| Fricative | /s/, /z/ s, z |
/ʃ/ sh[note 2] |
/x/ x |
/h/ h | ||
| Trill | /r/ r |
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| Lateral | /l/ l |
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| Glide | /w/ w |
/j/ y |
Vowels
[edit]There are 7 short vowels, 7 long vowels, and 5 diphthongs.
| Vowel | IPA | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Short vowels | ||
| i | /i/ | walí (“sickle”) |
| u | /u/ | túla (“small pond”) |
| e | /e/ | meté (“head”) |
| o | /o/ | noqó (“water”) |
| ɛ | /ɛ/ | ɓɛ́nta (“seed”) |
| ɔ | /ɔ/ | bɔ́na (“drought”) |
| a | /a/ | berá (“in front of”) |
| Long vowels | ||
| ii | /iː/ | zíiga (“spinal cord”) |
| uu | /uː/ | shúupi (“sunflower”) |
| ee | /eː/ | déetʼa (“heavy”) |
| oo | /oː/ | kóofini (“squirrel”) |
| ɛɛ | /ɛː/ | dɛ́ɛga (“dumb”) |
| ɔɔ | /ɔː/ | qɔ́ɔcʼa (“nape”) |
| aa | /aː/ | háada (“rope”) |
| Diphthongs | ||
| ai | /ai/ | áigi (“fence”) |
| au | /au/ | qáu (“forest”) |
| ei | /ei/ | weilám (“heart”) |
| oi | /oi/ | óiso (“question”) |
| ia | /ia/ | sía (“bad”) |
Stress
[edit]Every word has exactly one stressed syllable, which can carry either a high tone (written as á) or a falling tone (written as â), except for monosyllabic words of the form CVC (C = Consonant, V = Vowel), which bear no diacritics.
For digraphs (i.e. long vowels and diphthongs), the diacritic falls on the first character. (For examples, see #Vowels above.)
| Tone | IPA | Example |
|---|---|---|
| (unmarked) | (unmarked) | qóle (“where?”) |
| á | /á/ | wucʼé (“(you all) drink!”) |
| â | /â/ | wucʼê (“he doesn't drink”) |