Wiktionary:About Ashkun
Ashkun (Aṣkuňu) is a Nuristani language spoken in Afghanistan.
Sound changes
[edit]Ashkun is defined primarily by the unconditioned change of Proto-Nuristani *c (*ts) to s (but *sc (*sts) > ć (ts)) and *č > ć (ts), compared to all other Nuristani languages, and secondarily by the change of Proto-Nuristani *ř to ẓ.
Dialects
[edit]Ashkun has four dialects: Badzaigal (Baźaigël), Kolatan (Kolatã), Masegal (Masēgël), and Sanu (Sëňu). The Masegal dialect is defined by the change of *ř to l after a consonant.
Prosody
[edit]In Ashkun, words are generally stressed at the end of the syllable, reflecting common Nuristani penultimate stress (per Strand 2007 and Halfmann 2023). Stress is not marked.
Orthographic notation
[edit]When notating Ashkun, a unified orthography system by Jakob Halfmann is used. Transcription conventions compared to Richard Strand include (V = any vowel):
- a > ë
- â > a
- Vː > V̄
- V˜ > Ṽ
- Vi > Vy
- Vu, Vv > Vw
- ǰ > j
- J̣ > ḍẓ
- ŋ > ṅ
References
[edit]- Jakob Halfmann (2022) Advances in the historical phonology of the Nuristani languages, in International Journal of Diachronic Linguistics and Linguistic Reconstruction
- Jakob Halfmann (2023) Lād "law": a Bactrian loanword in the Nuristani languages, in Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, London, United Kingdom
- Richard Strand (1973) Notes on the Nūristāni and Dardic Languages, Brown University
- Richard Strand (2007) Transcription and Pronunciation of the Nûristânî Languages
- Richard Strand (2011) Saňu-vi:ri Lexicon
- Richard Strand (2012) Nuristâni Etymological Lexicon