User:Neitrāls vārds/Livonian declension types
Viitso doesn't indicate inessive in his table apparently because it's redundant – identical to elative minus the -t.
-õst elatives lead to -õs inessives although in writing -s inessives are common including if the word ends with an obstruent, e.g., āigasts (the author who wrote it that way did keep the õ in märtsõs) apparently word-final -ts could be the only legitimate exception. Then again Latvian vecs manages -ts + -s perfectly fine.
Word final -z remains a question, in Ventiņ dialect of Latvian analīzs would be the proper way of saying, e.g., analīzes whether Livonian is as merciless as Ventiņ remains a question.
Two big categories: where is the õ in locatives? E.g., -õst or -stõ. In sg. elat. it can be dropped (yes, märtsst is perfectly pronounceable!) but the contrast between pl. elat. -ist vs. -šti leads to think it cannot be ignored.
Is there an extra k before -õks in instrumental?
The most regular (āigast type)
[edit]- 140 – āigast
- 135 – fakt
- 141 – analīz
- 142 – nīem
- 138 – sīend (possible irreg. gen. form sīenõ)
- 129 – amāt
- 130 – kultūr (last two w/o õ in elat. since it's optional anyway can be considered exactly the same as āigast)
- 125 – irm (irmstõ)
- 126 – vait (vaitstõ) last two – inverted elatives
inverted elat. with s --> š
[edit]- 132 – viļț (viļțštõ)
- 134 – blēḑ (blēḑštõ)
Partitive with -t (kōrand)
[edit]- 157 – sidām
- 158 – armtõb
- 159 – kōrand
- 160 – ȭdõg
- 212 – rištīng (has only singular, plural – rovzt)
Sidām supposedly retains õ in elative – sidāmõst – sidāmst is probably just as good. Between 158, 159 and 160 – no difference whatsoever.
Pl. w/o õ and pl. part./ill./el. with palatalization
[edit]- 233 – tidār (tidārt, tidārd, tidāŗi, tidāŗiž, tidāŗist)
- 234 – pēgal
- 226 – umārz – identical to above except has extra -z in nominative.
the above with õ --> i
[edit]- 235 – appõn (appiņi)
- 236 – ōrõn
the above w/o any shift
[edit]- 237 – kīndõr (kīndõri)
- 238 – bäzmõr (bäzmõri)
the above (already palat.) -št elative
[edit]- 239 – tarīļ
- 240 – ānkaŗ
- 242 – ōbiļ
Word final vocalized -v or -j (birkov type)
[edit]- birkov - with suffix without õ, e.g., birkovn
- salāj – in sg. w/o õ only part. salājt and elat. salājst rest with õ – salājõn
both of these with -ḑ in pl. part. – birkovḑi and inverted pl. locatives – birkovži, birkovšti, salājži, salājšti and extra k in pl. instr. – birkovdkõks, salājdkõks
ends with vowel in nominative
[edit]- 118 sieldõ
- 56 lilla
- 119 nōgõ
- 121 drūošõ
- 120 aššõ (the last 2 are different with pl. ill. having iz not iž)
Regular declension - geminating consonant - kim type
[edit]- 126 – kim (kimmõ / kimmtõ)
Geminating s/š non-inverted elat.
[edit]- 136 – tas (tassõst) unlike kimstõ/kimst (tas is the only word in this type)
- 144 – viš (viššõst) except pl. ill. ends with -iz not -iž – viššiz
Geminating soft cons. --> elat. in -št
[edit]almost identical to kim but due to having a soft final cons. s in elat. is š.
- 133 – eļ (eļļštõ)