Wiktionary:About Chinese/Jin

Wiktionary uses the following system to transcribe Taiyuan dialect (old-style) of Jin Chinese. See Module:cjy-pron for the codes.

Initials

IPA	Transcription	Example	Notes
/p/	b	巴
/pʰ/	p	爬
/m/	m	麻
/f/	f	夫
/v/	v	挖
/t/	d	打
/tʰ/	t	他
/n/	n	拿
/l/	l	拉
/t͡s/	z	渣
/t͡sʰ/	c	查
/s/	s	沙
/ʐ/	r	如
/t͡ɕ/	j	家
/t͡ɕʰ/	q	拤
/ɕ/	x	蝦
/k/	g	嘎
/kʰ/	k	卡
/x/	h	哈
/ɣ/	gh	我	old-style; = new-style /ŋ/
/ŋ/	ng	我	new-style; = old-style /ɣ/

Rhymes

IPA	Transcription	Example	Notes
/z̩/	i	知	only before /t͡s/, /t͡sʰ/, /s/
/i/	i	衣
/u/	u	胡
/y/	y	魚
/əɻ/	er	兒
/a/	a	哈
/ia/	ia	牙
/ua/	ua	花
/ɤ/	e	鵝
/uɤ/	ue	和
/ie/	ie	煙
/ye/	ye	冤
/ai/	ai	哀
/uai/	uai	懷
/ei/	ei	給
/uei/	ui	灰
/au/	au	熬
/iau/	iau	妖
/əu/	ou	歐
/iəu/	iou	優
/æ̃/	an	安
/uæ̃/	uan	歡
/ɒ̃/	on	昂	old-style; = new-style /aŋ/
/iɒ̃/	ion	央	old-style; = new-style /iaŋ/
/uɒ̃/	uon	黃	old-style; = new-style /uaŋ/
/aŋ/	ang	昂	new-style; = old-style /ɒ̃/
/iaŋ/	iang	央	new-style; = old-style /iɒ̃/
/uaŋ/	uang	黃	new-style; = old-style /uɒ̃/
/ə̃ŋ/	eng	恩
/ĩŋ/	ing	英
/ũŋ/	ung	轟
/ỹŋ/	yng	雲
/aʔ/	ah	喝	many merged with /əʔ/ in new-style
/iaʔ/	iah	鴨
/uaʔ/	uah	滑	many merged with /uəʔ/ in new-style
/əʔ/	eh	黑
/iəʔ/	ieh	一
/uəʔ/	ueh	忽
/yəʔ/	yeh	月

Erhua

Erhua is indicated with r after the original rhyme. For the rhyme -e (/ɤ/), an apostrophe is added before the r, i.e. -e'r (/ɤɻ/) to distinguish it from -er (/əɻ/).

Tones

Tone name	Tone value	Transcription	Example	Notes
level	11	1	翻
rising	53	2	反
departing	45	3	飯
dark checked	2	4	法
light checked	54	5	罰	merged with dark checked in new-style
neutral

Tone sandhi

• ${\text{rising }}[53]+{\begin{Bmatrix}{\text{rising }}[53]\\{\text{light checked }}[54]\end{Bmatrix}}\to [11]+{\begin{Bmatrix}{\text{rising }}[53]\\{\text{light checked }}[54]\end{Bmatrix}}$
• ${\text{dark checked }}[2]+{\begin{Bmatrix}{\text{level }}[11]\\{\text{dark checked }}[2]\end{Bmatrix}}\to [54]+{\begin{Bmatrix}{\text{level }}[11]\\{\text{dark checked }}[2]\end{Bmatrix}}$
• ${\text{dark checked }}[2]+{\begin{Bmatrix}{\text{rising }}[53]\\{\text{light checked }}[54]\end{Bmatrix}}\to [45]+{\begin{Bmatrix}{\text{rising }}[53]\\{\text{light checked }}[54]\end{Bmatrix}}$
• ${\text{light checked }}[54]+{\begin{Bmatrix}{\text{rising }}[53]\\{\text{departing }}[45]\end{Bmatrix}}\to [2]+{\begin{Bmatrix}{\text{rising }}[53]\\{\text{departing }}[45]\end{Bmatrix}}$
• ${\text{reduplicated level }}[11]\to [11]+[45]$
• ${\text{reduplicated rising }}[53]\to [53]+[11]$
• ${\text{reduplicated departing }}[45]\to [45]+[53]$
• ${\text{reduplicated light checked }}[54]\to [54]+[2]$
• ${\begin{Bmatrix}{\text{dark checked }}[2]\\{\text{light checked }}[54]\end{Bmatrix}}+{\text{erhua}}\to [53]$

References

• Great Dictionary of Modern Chinese Dialects: Taiyuan dialect
• 崔容, 太原方言新派老派的语音差异