From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Xiamen
|
p |
ph |
m |
b |
t |
th |
n |
l |
ch |
chh |
l |
s |
k |
kh |
ng |
g |
h |
-
|
Quanzhou
|
p |
ph |
m |
b |
t |
th |
n |
l |
ch |
chh |
l |
s |
k |
kh |
ng |
g |
h |
-
|
Zhangzhou
|
p |
ph |
m |
b |
t |
th |
n |
l |
ch |
chh |
j |
s |
k |
kh |
ng |
g |
h |
-
|
Taipei
|
p |
ph |
m |
b |
t |
th |
n |
l |
ch |
chh |
l |
s |
k |
kh |
ng |
g |
h |
-
|
Kaohsiung
|
p |
ph |
m |
b |
t |
th |
n |
l |
ch |
chh |
j |
s |
k |
kh |
ng |
g |
h |
-
|
Example
|
邊 |
波 |
門 |
文 |
地 |
他 |
卵 |
柳 |
貞 |
出 |
入 |
時 |
求 |
去 |
雅 |
語 |
喜 |
英
|
Xiamen
|
a |
e |
e |
e |
e |
e |
o (/o/, /ɤ/) |
o͘ |
i |
i |
u |
u |
ai |
au |
ia |
io |
iu |
iau |
oa |
oe |
oe |
ui |
oai
|
Quanzhou
|
a |
e |
e |
er |
er |
er |
o (/o/) |
o͘ |
i |
ir |
u |
ir |
ai |
au |
ia |
io |
iu |
iau |
oa |
oe |
oe |
ui |
oai
|
Zhangzhou
|
a |
e |
ee |
e |
oe |
oai |
o (/o/) |
o͘ |
i |
i |
u |
u |
ai |
au |
ia |
io |
iu |
iau |
oa |
oe |
e |
ui |
oai
|
Taipei
|
a |
e |
e |
e |
e |
e |
o (/o/) |
o͘ |
i |
i |
u |
u |
ai |
au |
ia |
io |
iu |
iau |
oa |
oe |
oe |
ui |
oai
|
Kaohsiung
|
a |
e |
e |
e |
oe |
oe |
o (/ɤ/) |
o͘ |
i |
i |
u |
u |
ai |
au |
ia |
io |
iu |
iau |
oa |
oe |
e |
ui |
oai
|
Example
|
亞 |
迷 |
茶 |
袋 |
皮 |
糜 |
澳 |
烏 |
伊 |
豬 |
有 |
自 |
愛 |
歐 |
夜 |
搖 |
油 |
枵 |
歌 |
杯 |
初 |
為 |
怪
|
Finals with nasal codas and nasalized finals
[edit]
Xiamen
|
m |
im |
am |
im |
im |
im |
iam |
in |
un |
un |
an |
ian |
oan |
ng |
ng |
eng |
ang |
iang |
iang |
ong |
ong |
iong |
iong
|
Quanzhou
|
m |
im |
am |
im |
erm |
erm |
iam |
in |
un |
un |
an |
ian |
oan |
ng |
ng |
eng |
ang |
iang |
ang |
ong |
oang |
iong |
iong
|
Zhangzhou
|
m |
im |
am |
om |
om |
im |
iam |
in |
un |
in |
an |
ian |
oan |
ng |
uiⁿ |
eng |
ang |
iang |
iang |
ong |
ong |
iong |
iang
|
Taipei
|
m |
im |
am |
om |
im |
im |
iam |
in |
un |
un |
an |
ian |
oan |
ng |
ng |
eng |
ang |
iang |
iang |
ong |
ong |
iong |
iong
|
Kaohsiung
|
m |
im |
am |
om |
im |
im |
iam |
in |
un |
in |
an |
ian |
oan |
ng |
ng |
eng |
ang |
iang |
iang |
ong |
ong |
iong |
iong
|
Example
|
毋 |
音 |
暗 |
掩 |
森 |
欣 |
點 |
因 |
溫 |
根 |
安 |
然 |
灣 |
當 |
飯 |
冰 |
紅 |
涼 |
雙 |
王 |
風 |
中 |
強
|
Xiamen
|
aⁿ |
eⁿ (/ẽ/) |
eⁿ (/ẽ/) |
oⁿ |
iⁿ |
iⁿ |
aiⁿ |
auⁿ |
iaⁿ |
iuⁿ |
iauⁿ |
oaⁿ |
uiⁿ |
oaiⁿ
|
Quanzhou
|
aⁿ |
aⁿ |
iⁿ |
oⁿ |
iⁿ |
iⁿ |
aiⁿ |
auⁿ |
iaⁿ |
iuⁿ |
iauⁿ |
oaⁿ |
uiⁿ |
uiⁿ
|
Zhangzhou
|
aⁿ |
eⁿ (/ɛ̃/) |
eⁿ (/ɛ̃/) |
oⁿ |
eⁿ (/ɛ̃/) |
iⁿ |
aiⁿ |
auⁿ |
iaⁿ |
ioⁿ |
iauⁿ |
oaⁿ |
oaⁿ |
oaⁿ
|
Taipei
|
aⁿ |
aⁿ |
iⁿ |
oⁿ |
iⁿ |
iⁿ |
aiⁿ |
auⁿ |
iaⁿ |
iuⁿ |
iauⁿ |
oaⁿ |
uiⁿ |
uiⁿ
|
Kaohsiung
|
aⁿ |
eⁿ (/ẽ/) |
eⁿ (/ẽ/) |
oⁿ |
eⁿ (/ẽ/) |
iⁿ |
aiⁿ |
auⁿ |
iaⁿ |
iuⁿ |
iauⁿ |
oaⁿ |
uiⁿ |
oaiⁿ
|
Example
|
敢 |
罵 |
嬰 |
好 |
平 |
邊 |
買 |
毛 |
贏 |
羊 |
擽 |
半 |
快 |
關
|
Xiamen
|
ip |
ap |
iap |
- |
it |
ut |
at |
iat |
oat |
ek |
ak |
iak |
ok |
iok
|
Quanzhou
|
ip |
ap |
iap |
- |
it |
ut |
at |
iat |
oat |
iak |
ak |
iak |
ok |
iok
|
Zhangzhou
|
ip |
ap |
iap |
op |
it |
ut |
at |
iat |
oat |
ek |
ak |
iak |
ok |
iok
|
Taipei
|
ip |
ap |
iap |
op |
it |
ut |
at |
iat |
oat |
ek |
ak |
iak |
ok |
iok
|
Kaohsiung
|
ip |
ap |
iap |
op |
it |
ut |
at |
iat |
oat |
ek |
ak |
iak |
ok |
iok
|
Example
|
入 |
十 |
廿 |
橐 |
必 |
不 |
力 |
熱 |
法 |
竹 |
北 |
煏 |
督 |
玉
|
Xiamen
|
ah |
eh |
eh |
eh |
oh |
o͘h |
ih |
uh |
iah |
oah |
oeh |
uih |
iuh |
ioh |
ioh |
auh |
iauh
|
Quanzhou
|
ah |
eh |
eh |
erh |
oh |
o͘h |
ih |
uh |
iah |
oah |
oeh |
uih |
iuh |
ioh |
ioh |
auh |
iauh
|
Zhangzhou
|
ah |
eh |
eeh |
oeh |
oh |
o͘h |
ih |
uh |
iah |
oah |
eh |
oeh |
iuh |
ioh |
io͘h |
auh |
iauh
|
Taipei
|
ah |
eh |
eh |
eh |
oh |
o͘h |
ih |
uh |
iah |
oah |
oeh |
uih |
iuh |
ioh |
ioh |
auh |
iauh
|
Kaohsiung
|
ah |
eh |
eh |
oeh |
oh |
o͘h |
ih |
uh |
iah |
oah |
eh |
oeh |
iuh |
ioh |
ioh |
auh |
iauh
|
Example
|
拍 |
伯 |
白 |
月 |
薄 |
- |
覕 |
托 |
拆 |
活 |
八 |
血 |
搐 |
著 |
諾 |
軋 |
藃
|
Xiamen
|
mh |
ngh |
ahⁿ |
ehⁿ |
ohⁿ |
ihⁿ |
iahⁿ |
oehⁿ |
auhⁿ |
iauhⁿ |
oaihⁿ
|
Quanzhou
|
mh |
ngh |
ahⁿ |
eh |
ohⁿ |
ihⁿ |
iahⁿ |
oeh |
auhⁿ |
iauhⁿ |
oaihⁿ
|
Zhangzhou
|
mh |
ngh |
ahⁿ |
eehⁿ |
ohⁿ |
ihⁿ |
iahⁿ |
eehⁿ |
auhⁿ |
iauhⁿ |
oaihⁿ
|
Taipei
|
mh |
ngh |
ahⁿ |
ehⁿ |
ohⁿ |
ihⁿ |
iahⁿ |
ehⁿ |
auhⁿ |
iauhⁿ |
oaihⁿ
|
Kaohsiung
|
mh |
ngh |
ahⁿ |
ehⁿ |
ohⁿ |
ihⁿ |
iahⁿ |
ehⁿ |
auhⁿ |
iauhⁿ |
oaihⁿ
|
Example
|
噷 |
哼 |
凹 |
脈 |
膜 |
𥍉 |
挔 |
夾 |
澩 |
蟯 |
𠃛
|
First row: original tone
Second row: sandhi
Third row: apparent tone after sandhi
|
Level |
Rising |
Departing |
Entering
|
Yin |
Yang |
Yin |
Yang |
Yin |
Yang |
Yin |
Yang
|
Tone marks
|
a |
â |
á |
ǎ |
à |
ā |
ap, at, ak |
ah |
a̍p, a̍t, a̍k |
a̍h
|
Xiamen
|
44 |
24 |
53 |
- |
21 |
22 |
32 |
4
|
22 |
22 |
44 |
- |
53 |
21 |
4 |
53 |
32 |
21
|
ā |
ā |
a |
- |
á |
à |
a̍p, a̍t, a̍k |
á |
ap, at, ak |
à
|
Quanzhou
|
33 |
24 |
554 |
22 |
41 |
5 |
24
|
33 |
22 |
24 |
22 |
554 |
22 |
24 |
5 |
22
|
a |
ǎ |
â |
ǎ |
á |
ǎ |
a̍p, a̍t, a̍k |
ah |
ǎp, ǎt, ǎk, ǎ
|
Zhangzhou
|
44 |
13 |
53 |
- |
21 |
22 |
32 |
121
|
22 |
22 |
44 |
- |
53 |
21 |
5 |
53 |
21
|
ā |
ā |
a |
- |
á |
à |
a̋p, a̋t, a̋k |
á |
àp, àt, àk, à
|
Taipei
|
44 |
24 |
53 |
- |
11 |
33 |
32 |
4
|
33 |
11 |
44 |
- |
53 |
11 |
4 |
53 |
32 |
11
|
ā |
à |
a |
- |
á |
à |
a̍p, a̍t, a̍k |
á |
ap, at, ak |
à
|
Kaohsiung
|
44 |
23 |
41 |
- |
21 |
33 |
32 |
4
|
33 |
33 |
44 |
- |
53 |
21 |
4 |
41 |
32 |
21
|
ā |
ā |
a |
- |
á |
à |
a̍p, a̍t, a̍k |
á |
ap, at, ak |
à
|
Example
|
東 |
同 |
黨 |
動 |
棟 |
洞 |
督 |
毒
|