User:-sche/Volga
Volga German. See also Mennonite Low German.
| Volga German (in Russia unless otherwise noted) |
Penn. German | Palatine German | Standard German | English + notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| aich (Kraft, etc)3 ouch (Boaro, Orlowskoi, Jost, etc)3 |
aach | auch | also | |
| Aijǝr3 (sg. Ei3 = Ai) Oaeir (Stahl am Tarlyk)4 |
Oier (sg. Oi) | Aaje(r) (sg. Aai) | Eier (sg. Ei) | eggs (sg. egg) |
| Ais2 | Eis | Eis (Ais) | Eis | |
| Ambar1,3 | — | — | — | granary (from Russian, per DN and Koch) |
| Baa (=/bãː/) (many dialects),2 Baan Bein (Katharinenstadt)3 |
Bein | |||
| Baam2 (sp. Bahm by 1) (most dialects)2,a Boum (some dialects)2,a;3 |
Baam | Baam | Baum | tree |
| blaiwa (bleiva1, blaiwǝ3) | bleiwe | (bleiwe) | bleiben | remain, stay |
| (bloos?) blosUSA (blōs3) |
blooss, blos | bloß | just | |
| breet (Jost, Boaro, Orlowskoi)2 braat (Kraft, Balzer, Seelmann)2 |
breet, breed | bräät, braat, breet, bräit, braait | breit | broad, wide |
| daërf,1 därf3 | darf | may | ||
| deim1 | deinem | your (dative) | ||
| daitsch2 (deitsch1) | deitsch | deitsch | deutsch | German |
| der1;USA (dr2,3, där3) | der | der | the (m.) | |
| die1;USA (die, de2; di3) | die | die | die | the (f.) |
| dorch (dȏrç ~ dorç3) | durch | through | ||
| ehr,2,5 ihr,5 īr3 | ihr | you (pl.) | ||
| Erbus (pl. Erbusen) | — | — | (Wassermelone) | watermelon (from Russian; per multiple sources) |
| Fleesch (Jost, Boaro, Orlowskoi)2 Flaasch (Kraft, Balzer, Seelmann)2 |
Fleesch | Flääsch, Fleesch | Fleisch | (flesh, meat) |
| Fraa1,2 | Fraa | Fraa | Frau | woman |
| g'brodna (g'brodnuh1) g(ǝ)brᾱdnǝ |
gebratene | |||
| g'drei (gedrei)1 | getreu | |||
| g'fun1 gfune (gǝfunǝ)3 |
gefunden | found (participle) | ||
| g(e)sogt2 g(ǝ)saxt3 jesogt, jesoot (ECG-influenced dialects)2 |
gesagt | said (participle) | ||
| g'sotza1 | gesessen | sat down (participle) | ||
| gern2 (gaern1, gärn3) | gern | gladly | ||
| gautze (gautza)1 | gauze | gautzen | to bark (verb) | |
| geha1 | gehen | go, walk | ||
| geknoobbert1 knawrǝ3 |
geknabbert knabbern |
nibbled (participle) nibble | ||
| gell1 | gelt | innit? | ||
| genug ĝǝnuk ~ gǝnux3 |
genug | enough | ||
| glaich2 ĝlaiç3 | gleich | |||
| Glaader1 (in 'aa' dialects) ḡleid- (Katharinenstadt)3 Kloadr (Stahl am Tarlyk)4 |
Kleider | |||
| glaawe2 | glaawe | glaawe | glauben | believe |
| Glaawe | Glaawe | Glaawe | Glaube | belief |
| Glick1 | Glick | Glick | Glück | |
| groos2,b (grōs3), grous2,b grossUSA |
grooss | groß, gruß, grouß | groß | great, big |
| Haiser2 (Haizr3) | Heiser | Haise(r) | Häuser | houses |
| Hinnerhof1 | Hinnerhof | Hinterhof | ||
| Hof1 (Hōf3) | Hof | Hof | Hof | yard (etc) |
| ich2;USA (iç3) | ich | ich | ich | I |
| in1,3 | in | in | in | in |
| iwwer1 (iwer, iwr2) | iwwer | über | over | |
| Jor1 | Jor, Johr | Johr | Jahr | year |
| kaa (=/kãː/) (many dialects)2 kee (some dialects)3 |
kee, ken | kein | no(t any) | |
| kaafe (Kraft, Seelmann, Balzer, Mariental)2 (sp. kawa by 1) gouf- (Boaro, Orlowskoi, Jost)2 kouwe /kouwǝ/ (Katharinenstadt)3 |
kaufen | buy | ||
| Kalenner1 | Kalender | calendar | ||
| Kaerrich1 Gärche (ECG-influenced dialects)2 |
Karrich, Kaerrich | Kä(r)ch, Karrich | Kirch(e) | church |
| Kopp1,3 | Kopp | Kopp | Kopf | head |
| Kraut2 | Kraut | |||
| Kreitz1 (=Kraitz?) | Kreuz | |||
| Kuche1 (kūɤǝ3) | Kuchen | cake | ||
| Lait2,3 (Leit1) | Leute | people | ||
| Mann2;USA | Mann | Mann | Mann | man |
| Maul2 | Maul | |||
| Maus2 | Maus | |||
| meer2 (also sp. mehr1, mer, mr2, mir3) | mir, mer | mee(r) | wir | we |
| mei liewer1 | mein lieber | |||
| mer (mr)2 | mer | mer | man | one |
| Milich1 (Miliç3) | Millich | (Milich) | Milch | |
| Miststaan (Mistshtahnh1) | Miststeine | manure brick(s) | ||
| (a)mohl1 | (ein)mal | |||
| nei1 | neu | |||
| net1 | net | net | nicht | |
| nix1 | nix | nichts | ||
| nuf1 | hinauf | |||
| Oved1 (=Owed?) | Owet | Owe(n)d | Abend | evening |
| oveds1 (=oweds?) | owets | oweds | abends | (in the) evenings |
| Paif2 (Peif1, but Faif3) | Peif | Pfeife | pipe | |
| Punt2 (Pund1) | Pund | Pund | Pfund | |
| Reitstaan (Reitstaanh1?) | Reitstein(e) | |||
| s2 | es | it | ||
| s3 | das | the (n.) | ||
| sche,1 shae,1 schen2 | schee | schön | beautiful | |
| Schnitzsopp un Krepbel1 | (weekend supper) | |||
| Schprooch2 | Schprooch, Sprooch | Sprooch | Sprache | language |
| schraiwe (also schreiwe)2 | schreiwe | schreiwe | schreiben | write |
| sei,2 seim1 | sein, seinem | his | ||
| sein1 | sind | |||
| sin,2;USA sein2 bin (Katharinenstadt)3 |
bin | sin | bin | am |
| Staan (Staan, Shtahnh by 1) | Schtee | Schdää | Stein(e) | stone |
| ufstehe (ufsteha)1 | aufstehen | |||
| un1,2 | un | un | und | |
| venna1 (=wenna?) | wenden | turn (over) | ||
| wolle2 (volla1) | wollen | |||
| vor1 | vor | vor | ||
| wammer1 | wenn wir | |||
| wais2 (weissUSA), waise (waizǝ3) but Stahl am Tarlyk prob. woas, cf. SaT. hoas4 = heiß |
weiss | weiß, weiße | white | |
| was2 | was | what | ||
| Wasser (Wazr3) | Wasser | water | ||
| wu1 | wu | wo | ||
| zu2 | zu | zu | zu | to |
| Zuvver1 | Zober | tub, large two-handled vessel |
- Sample Volga German sentence (made up by Koch):
- Mehr volla mohl gaern in die sche gehl Kaerrich geha. : Wir wollen einmal gern in die schoene gelbe Kirche gehen. : We want to go into the beautiful yellow church.
- Sample Volga German sentence from a community in Kansas (recorded by Weigel; the sentence in question was originally spoken in Russia when an army recruiter tried to recruit its speaker, who subsequently became famous in his community for it):
- Ne, ich sin blos a halber/halba Mann. : Nee, ich bin bloß ein halber Mann (=noch ein Junge). : No, I am just a half man (still a boy).
- (Palatine:) Ne, ich sin bloß een halwe(r) Mann.
- Russian loans:
- Erbus; also spelt Arbuus/Arbus/Arbuse, pl. Arbuse/Arbusen
1 Fred C. Koch, The Volga Germans: In Russia and the Americas, from 1763 to the Present
2 Georg Dinges, Über unsere Mundarten
- a As of the 1920s, Baam was used in Kraft, Seelmann, Balzer, along the Großer Karaman including in Mariental, Lui, Rohleder, Graf, Herzog; in Stephan and Hussenbach auf der Bergseite, Näb, and Winckelmann. Boum was used in Katharinenstadt, Boaro, Orlowskoi, Fischer, Jost and Urbach.
- b grous was the only form in Kraft as of the 1920s, and it was becoming the predominent form in many other places. gruus was formerly used in Warenburg and Kukkus, but already by the 1920s only by older speakers while the youth used grous. groosi was formerly used in Tscherbakowka.
3 Die Geschichte der Wolgadeutschen [in Katharinenstadt]
4 Erklärungen zur Sprachkarte der Wolgadeutschen Mutterkolonien
To be
[edit]| Volga German | Penn. German | Palatine German | Standard German | English + notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| sin | sei | sei(n) | sein | to be |
| ich bin3,5 / sin2/sein2 | ich bin | ich bin, sein, sin | ich bin | I am |
| du bischt2 / bist3,5 | du bischt | du bischt, bisch | du bist | you (sg.) are |
| _, _, s2,5 is2,3,5 / isch2,5 | er, sie, es iss | _, _, 's is, isch | er, sie, es ist | he, she, it is |
| meer2/mir3 sin3 | mer sin | mer sin, sein | wir sind | we are |
| _ sait3 (seid5) | ihr seid | you (pl.) are | ||
| _ sin3,5 | sie sin | _ _, sein | sie sind | they are |
Additional
[edit]additional things
- Words from Koch with odd orthography:
| Volga German (in Russia) | Penn. German | Palatine German | Standard German | English + notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| a'nahnner1 (=a'naanner?) | enanner | enanne(r) | einander | one another (together) |
| Awdler1 (spelling?) | Aadler | Adler | Adler | eagle |
| Brahnhtevhynh1 (spelling?) | Branntwein | brandy | ||
| Buva1 (=Buwa?) | Bu, Buw(e) | Buben | boy | |
| Duhlabahm1 (=-baam?) | (Birnbaum) | pear tree | ||
| faercht1 | fürchtet | fears | ||
| faermerich1 | früher | formerly (PA G. frieh = G. früh = E. early) | ||
| Fehderhof1 | Vorderhof | |||
| gehl1 | gelb(e) | yellow | ||
| grex1 (spelling?) | krächz(t) | croak(s) | ||
| Shpeelagangh1 (spellling?) | — | — | 'Spiele(n)gang' | 'visit(ing)' |
| Shpeelageha1 (spellling?) | — | — | 'Spiele(n)gehen' | "visiting — a Volga German word, not High German Spielegehen" |
| Steppe1 | — | Steppe | steppe (from Russian per DN) | |
| Steppetee1 | 'Steppetee' | tea made from licorice root | ||
| Suess- (Süß-) -holztee1 | 'Süßholztee' | tea made from licorice root | ||
| Tee1 | Tee | tea |
- The transcription of Volga German in America was influenced by German, and by English. From Weigel:
| Volga German (in Kansas) | Penn. German | Palatine German | Standard German | English + notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| a | en | en | ein | a |
| alt | alt (ald) | alt | ||
| der g'schosna | der Geschossene | the one who was shot | ||
| dick | dick | thick, fat | ||
| Fertel | Vertel | Vertel | Viertel | quarter |
| Fiddel | Fiedel | fiddle | ||
| Fischa | Fischer | fisher | ||
| halba | halber | half | ||
| klen | glee | klein | small | |
| Knappmesser | pocketknife | |||
| lang | lang | long, tall | ||
| ne | nee | no | ||
| rot | rot | rot | rot | red |
| schwartz (šwarts3) | schwa(r)tz | schwarz | ||
| still | still (schweigsam) | quiet, taciturn | ||
| young, younga | yung, yunge | jung, junge | jung, junge | young |