Template:sk-conj/documentation

Usage

This template returns the whole conjugation of Slovak verbs. It works with any verb and requires two or (occasionally) three parameters to do so.

Parameters

• parameter 1 – indicates whether the verb is perfective or imperfective – the recognised values are pf and impf; if the verb is impersonal, add -impers to the parameter (yielding pf-impers or impf-impers); if the verb is reflexive, add -sa or -si depending on which reflexive particle should be used;
• parameter 2 – indicated the class and the pattern, which the given verb belongs to; the recognised values are given in the table below;
• parameter 3 – usually unnecessary; mandatory only when parameter 2 is 3a (pattern niesť), where it specifies the 3rd person plural without the personal ending -ú or -u, otherwise only needed with the pattern žuť (parameter 2 4d) in rare cases when the infinitive ends with -iať and the present stem (3rd person singular) ends with -aje.

Optional parameters

To use the following parameters, call them with the value 1:

• no_impr – indicated that the verb does not form imperative;
• no_gerund – indicated that the gerund of a given verb is not used;
• no_pasv_part and pasv_part – indicate whether there should be or should not be the present passive participle for the verb, which is usually handled by the module itself, but sometimes this depends on facts that are way beyond the scope of the code.

Sometimes there are more possibilities for a certain form of a verb, which can be specified with these parameters:

• impr_2sg2, impr_1pl2, impr_2pl2 – provides alternative imperative forms;
• pres_actv_part2, past_actv_part2, pres_pasv_part2 – provides alternatives to the present/past active or passive participles;
• transgr2 – provides an alternative transgressive;
• gerund2 – provides an alternative gerund;
• past_m2, past_f2, past_n2, past_pl2 – provides alternative l-participles (masculine, feminine, neutral and plural, respectively), which are then used to form the composite tenses, i.e. the conditionals, the past and the past perfect;
• pres_futr_1sg2, pres_futr_2sg2, pres_futr_3sg2, pres_futr_1pl2, pres_futr_2pl2, pres_futr_3pl2 – provides alternative present (for imperfect verbs) or future forms (for perfect verbs).

Examples

A simple regular verb like čítať requires only 2 parameters:

• {{sk-conj|impf|1}}

The result:

Conjugation of čítať (imperfective; class I, pattern chytať)

infinitive			čítať
indicative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
present		čítam	čítaš	číta	čítame	čítate	čítajú
past	masculine	čítal som	čítal si	čítal	čítali sme	čítali ste	čítali
	feminine	čítala som	čítala si	čítala
	neuter	čítalo som	čítalo si	čítalo
past perfect	masculine	bol som čítal	bol si čítal	bol čítal	boli sme čítali	boli ste čítali	boli čítali
	feminine	bola som čítala	bola si čítala	bola čítala
	neuter	bolo som čítalo	bolo si čítalo	bolo čítalo
future		budem čítať	budeš čítať	bude čítať	budeme čítať	budete čítať	budú čítať
conditional		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
present	masculine	čítal by som	čítal by si	čítal by	čítali by sme	čítali by ste	čítali by
	feminine	čítala by som	čítala by si	čítala by
	neuter	čítalo by som	čítalo by si	čítalo by
past	masculine	bol by som čítal	bol by si čítal	bol by čítal	boli by sme čítali	boli by ste čítali	boli by čítali
	feminine	bola by som čítala	bola by si čítala	bola by čítala
	neuter	bolo by som čítalo	bolo by si čítalo	bolo by čítalo
imperative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
present		—	čítaj	—	čítajme	čítajte	—
non-finite forms		participles				transgressive	verbal noun
		present active	past active	passive	l-participle
		čítajúci	—	čítaný	čítal, čítala, čítalo, čítali	čítajúc	čítanie

The modal verb musieť belongs to the pattern vidieť (5b), but does not have imperative forms:

• {{sk-conj|impf|5b|no_impr=1}}

The result:

Conjugation of musieť (imperfective; class V, pattern vidieť)

infinitive			musieť
indicative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
present		musím	musíš	musí	musíme	musíte	musia
past	masculine	musel som	musel si	musel	museli sme	museli ste	museli
	feminine	musela som	musela si	musela
	neuter	muselo som	muselo si	muselo
past perfect	masculine	bol som musel	bol si musel	bol musel	boli sme museli	boli ste museli	boli museli
	feminine	bola som musela	bola si musela	bola musela
	neuter	bolo som muselo	bolo si muselo	bolo muselo
future		budem musieť	budeš musieť	bude musieť	budeme musieť	budete musieť	budú musieť
conditional		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
present	masculine	musel by som	musel by si	musel by	museli by sme	museli by ste	museli by
	feminine	musela by som	musela by si	musela by
	neuter	muselo by som	muselo by si	muselo by
past	masculine	bol by som musel	bol by si musel	bol by musel	boli by sme museli	boli by ste museli	boli by museli
	feminine	bola by som musela	bola by si musela	bola by musela
	neuter	bolo by som muselo	bolo by si muselo	bolo by muselo
non-finite forms		participles				transgressive	verbal noun
		present active	past active	passive	l-participle
		musiaci	—	musený	musel, musela, muselo, museli	musiac	musenie

The verb piecť belongs to the pattern niesť (3a), therefore the 2nd form of the present stem (the 3rd person plural without the personal suffix) must be specified:

• {{sk-conj|impf|3a|peč}}

The result:

Conjugation of piecť (imperfective; class III, pattern niesť)

infinitive			piecť
indicative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
present		pečiem	pečieš	pečie	pečieme	pečiete	pečú
past	masculine	piekol som	piekol si	piekol	piekli sme	piekli ste	piekli
	feminine	piekla som	piekla si	piekla
	neuter	pieklo som	pieklo si	pieklo
past perfect	masculine	bol som piekol	bol si piekol	bol piekol	boli sme piekli	boli ste piekli	boli piekli
	feminine	bola som piekla	bola si piekla	bola piekla
	neuter	bolo som pieklo	bolo si pieklo	bolo pieklo
future		budem piecť	budeš piecť	bude piecť	budeme piecť	budete piecť	budú piecť
conditional		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
present	masculine	piekol by som	piekol by si	piekol by	piekli by sme	piekli by ste	piekli by
	feminine	piekla by som	piekla by si	piekla by
	neuter	pieklo by som	pieklo by si	pieklo by
past	masculine	bol by som piekol	bol by si piekol	bol by piekol	boli by sme piekli	boli by ste piekli	boli by piekli
	feminine	bola by som piekla	bola by si piekla	bola by piekla
	neuter	bolo by som pieklo	bolo by si pieklo	bolo by pieklo
imperative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
present		—	peč	—	pečme	pečte	—
non-finite forms		participles				transgressive	verbal noun
		present active	past active	passive	l-participle
		pečúci	—	pečený	piekol, piekla, pieklo, piekli	pečúc	pečenie

Reflexive verbs like usmiať sa need to have this specified:

• {{sk-conj|pf-sa|4d}}

The result:

Conjugation of usmiať sa (perfective; class IV, pattern žuť)

infinitive			usmiať sa
indicative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
past	masculine	usmial som sa	usmial si sa	usmial sa	usmiali sme sa	usmiali ste sa	usmiali sa
	feminine	usmiala som sa	usmiala si sa	usmiala sa
	neuter	usmialo som sa	usmialo si sa	usmialo sa
past perfect	masculine	bol som sa usmial	bol si sa usmial	bol sa usmial	boli sme sa usmiali	boli ste sa usmiali	boli sa usmiali
	feminine	bola som sa usmiala	bola si sa usmiala	bola sa usmiala
	neuter	bolo som sa usmialo	bolo si sa usmialo	bolo sa usmialo
future		usmejem sa	usmeješ sa	usmeje sa	usmejeme sa	usmejete sa	usmejú sa
conditional		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
present	masculine	usmial by som sa	usmial by si sa	usmial by sa	usmiali by sme sa	usmiali by ste sa	usmiali by sa
	feminine	usmiala by som sa	usmiala by si sa	usmiala by sa
	neuter	usmialo by som sa	usmialo by si sa	usmialo by sa
past	masculine	bol by som sa usmial	bol by si sa usmial	bol by sa usmial	boli by sme sa usmiali	boli by ste sa usmiali	boli by sa usmiali
	feminine	bola by som sa usmiala	bola by si sa usmiala	bola by sa usmiala
	neuter	bolo by som sa usmialo	bolo by si sa usmialo	bolo by sa usmialo
imperative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
present		—	usmej sa	—	usmejme sa	usmejte sa	—
non-finite forms		participles				transgressive	verbal noun
		present active	past active	passive	l-participle
		—	usmiavší sa	—	usmial, usmiala, usmialo, usmiali	usmejúc sa	usmiatie sa

Impersonal verbs like pršať need to have this specified:

• {{sk-conj|impf-impers|5c}}

The result:

Conjugation of pršať (imperfective; impersonal; class V, pattern kričať)

infinitive			pršať
indicative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
present		—	—	prší	—	—	—
past		—	—	pršalo	—	—	—
past perfect		—	—	bolo pršalo	—	—	—
future		—	—	bude pršať	—	—	—
conditional		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
present		—	—	pršalo by	—	—	—
past		—	—	bolo by pršalo	—	—	—
non-finite forms		participles				transgressive	verbal noun
		present active	past active	passive	l-participle
		—	—	—	pršalo	—	pršanie

Conjugation patterns

Here is a list of all verbal patterns with the values for parameter 2. The patterns are taken from the official guidelines for Slovak morphology by Jozef Ružička and co.: Morfológia slovenského jazyka, 1966.

Class I
Value	Infinitive	Present stem 1	Present stem 2
1	chyt-a-ť	chyt-á	chyt-aj-ú
Class II
Value	Infinitive	Present stem 1	Present stem 2
2	rozum-ie-ť	rozum-ie	rozum-ej-ú
Class III
Value	Infinitive	Present stem 1	Present stem 2
3a	nies-ť	nes-ie	nes-∅-ú
3b	trie-ť	tr-ie	tr-∅-ú
3c	hyn-ú-ť	hyn-ie	hyn-∅-ú
3d	br-a-ť	ber-ie	ber-∅-ú
Class IV
Value	Infinitive	Present stem 1	Present stem 2
4a	čes-a-ť	češ-e	češ-∅-ú
4b	ža-ť	žn-e	žn-∅-ú
4c	chudn-ú-ť	chudn-e	chudn-∅-ú
4d	žu-ť	žuj-e	žuj-∅-ú
4e	pracov-a-ť	pracuj-e	pracuj-∅-ú
Class V
Value	Infinitive	Present stem 1	Present stem 2
5a	rob-i-ť	rob-í	rob-∅-ia
5b	vid-ie-ť	vid-í	vid-∅-ia
5c	krič-a-ť	krič-í	krič-∅-ia

There are a few basic irregular verbs in the Slovak language, some more that are only derived from these:

Value	Infinitive	Present stem 1	Present stem 2
irreg-byť	byť	je	s-ú
irreg-jesť	jesť	je	jed-ia
irreg-vedieť	vedieť	vie	ved-ia
irreg-chcieť	chcieť	chc-e	chc-ú
irreg-ísť	ísť	id-e	id-ú
irreg-stáť	stáť	stoj-í	stoj-a
irreg-stať	stať sa	stan-e sa	stan-ú sa

The verbs môcť and povedať and other verbs derived from them are handled separately in the code for the sake of simplicity, even though these forms are mostly regular according to one of the patterns mentioned above:

Value	Infinitive	Present stem 1	Present stem 2
irreg-môcť	môc-ť	môž-e	môž-u
irreg-povedať	povedať	povie	poved-ia