Talk:падручнік

@Atitarev: Hi. Isn't it a calque rather than a borrowing? I think a borrowing would have yielded a different vocalism; see ве́нзель (vjénzjelʹ), from Polish węzeł. PUC – 10:42, 22 April 2020 (UTC)

@PUC: Yes and no. If speakers of similar languages interact, they already understand and assume certain sound changes. A Polish surname Dąbrowski may be borrowed both as Дубровский and Домбровский into Russian, phonetically and semantically. Polish złoty sounds /ˈzwɔ.tɨ/ but it's зло́тый (zlótyj) [ˈzlotɨj] in Russian, not a calque. The words are often made to sound more native if they are borrowed from very similar languages. --Anatoli T. ^{(обсудить}/^вклад) 11:08, 22 April 2020 (UTC)

@Atitarev: Yes, understood. PUC – 12:55, 22 April 2020 (UTC)

@PUC: I am not forcing you to believe me. I can't confirm the origin. The terms can be analysed as you did on the Polish entry. --Anatoli T. ^{(обсудить}/^вклад) 22:51, 22 April 2020 (UTC)

@Atitarev: I didn't feel forced! What you wrote is sensible, so I agree with you. I do think language proximity blurs the distinction between a calque and a borrowing. PUC – 22:53, 22 April 2020 (UTC)