Reconstruction talk:Proto-Germanic/skaftaz

Table of the evolution / continuation / transfer of the senses:

Old English: sceaft ("pole")
- Middle English: scaft / schaft / shaft ("pole", "beam of light"; also "mining tunnel", a sense possibly acquired from Middle Low German)
  - Scots: schaft, shaft ("pole", "beam of light")
  - English: shaft ("pole", "beam of light", "mining tunnel")
Old Frisian: skeft
- Saterland Frisian: Schacht, Skacht
- West Frisian: skaft
Old Saxon: skaft
- Middle Low German: schacht ("pole", "mining tunnel")
  - Low German: Schacht ("pole", "mining tunnel"), Schecht ("boot-leg")
  - Dutch Low Saxon: schacht
  - Plautdietsch: Scheft ("pole"); Schajcht ("boot-leg")
  - German: Schacht ("mining tunnel"; forms a doublet with Schaft)
    - Belarusian шахта (šaxta)
    - Czech: šachta ("mining tunnel"; alternatively, perhaps directly from Low German)
    - Esperanto ŝakto ("mining tunnel")
    - Estonian: šaht ("mining tunnel"; alternatively, perhaps directly from Low German)
    - Polish: szacht ("mining tunnel")
    - Russian: шахта (šákhta) ("mining tunnel")
      - Kazakh: шахта (şaxta) ("mining tunnel"; alternatively, perhaps directly from the same source as the Russian word)
    - Serbo-Croatian: šȁht ("manhole")
    - Slovak: šachta ("mining tunnel"; alternatively, perhaps directly from Low German)
    - Swedish: schakt ("mining tunnel"; forms a doublet with skaft)
    - Ukrainian шахта (šaxta)
Old Dutch: skaft
- Middle Dutch: schacht, scaft
  - Dutch: schacht ("pole", "mining tunnel", "freshman"), schaft (archaic)
    - Afrikaans: skag ("mining tunnel")
Old High German: skaft ("pole", "spear")
- Middle High German: schaft ("pole", "spear")
  - German: Schaft ("pole", "boot-leg"; forms a doublet with Schacht)
Old Norse: skapt ("pole")
- Icelandic: skaft ("pole")
- Norwegian:
  - Bokmål: skaft ("pole")
  - Nynorsk: skaft ("pole")
- Old Swedish: skaft, skapt
  - Swedish: skaft ("pole"; forms a doublet with skaft)
- Danish: skaft

- -sche (discuss) 07:48, 19 November 2012 (UTC)Reply