Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/warjan

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *warjaną.

Verb

*warjan

1. to ward off, to defend against

Inflection

Class 1 weak
Infinitive	*warjan
1st sg. past	*waridā
Infinitive	*warjan
Genitive infin.	*warjannjas
Dative infin.	*warjannjē
Instrum. infin.	*warjannju
Indicative	Present	Past
1st singular	*warju	*waridā
2nd singular	*warisi	*waridēs, *waridōs
3rd singular	*wariþi	*waridē, *waridā
1st plural	*warjum	*waridum
2nd plural	*wariþ	*waridud
3rd plural	*warjanþ	*waridun
Subjunctive	Present	Past
1st singular	*warjē	*waridī
2nd singular	*warjēs	*waridī
3rd singular	*warjē	*waridī
1st plural	*warjēm	*waridīm
2nd plural	*warjēþ	*waridīd
3rd plural	*warjēn	*waridīn
Imperative	Present
Singular	*wari
Plural	*wariþ
	Present	Past
Participle	*warjandī	*warid

Descendants

• Old English: werian
  • Middle English: werien
    • English: weir, wear (“to guard, watch, defend”)
    • Scots: were, wer, weir
• Old Saxon: werian
  • Middle Low German: weren
    • → Polabian: varo
• Old Dutch: *werien
  • Middle Dutch: weren
    • Dutch: weren
    • Limburgish: waere
• Old High German: werien
  • Middle High German: weren, wern
    • Cimbrian: bèaran
    • German: wehren
    • Luxembourgish: wieren
• → Vulgar Latin: *wariō
  • Old French: guarir (see there for further descendants)
  • Piedmontese: guarì, varì
  • Italian: guarire
  • Old Occitan: garir, guarir
    • Old Catalan: guarir, garir, guayrir, gorir
      • Catalan: guarir
    • Occitan: garir
  • West Iberian
    • Old Galician-Portuguese: guarir
      • Galician: gorir, guarir
    • Old Spanish: guarir
      • Spanish: guarir
• → Vulgar Latin: *warantus
  • Old French: garant (see there for further descendants)
  • ⇒ Vulgar Latin: *warantire
    • Old French: guarantir (see there for further descendants)
  • ⇒ Vulgar Latin: *warantia
    • Old French: guarantie (see there for further descendants)