Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/waldan

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *waldaną.

Verb

*waldan

1. to rule, to control

Inflection

Strong class 7c
Infinitive	*waldan
1st sg. past	*weald
3rd pl. past	*wealdun
Past ptcple	*waldan
Infinitive	*waldan
Genitive infin.	*waldannjas
Dative infin.	*waldannjē
Instrum. infin.	*waldannju
Indicative	Present	Past
1st singular	*waldu	*weald
2nd singular	*waldiʀi	*wealdī
3rd singular	*waldidi	*weald
1st plural	*waldum	*wealdum
2nd plural	*waldid	*wealdud
3rd plural	*waldand	*wealdun
Subjunctive	Present	Past
1st singular	*waldē	*wealdī
2nd singular	*waldēs	*wealdī
3rd singular	*waldē	*wealdī
1st plural	*waldēm	*wealdīm
2nd plural	*waldēþ	*wealdīd
3rd plural	*waldēn	*wealdīn
Imperative	Present
Singular	*wald
Plural	*waldid
	Present	Past
Participle	*waldandī	*waldan

Descendants

• Old English: wealdan
  • Middle English: welden, weld, welde, weldon, wielde, wild, wilde, wold, wolde, wolden, weld, welde, weild, weilde, veild (northwest Midlands), weild, weilde, veild, wald, walde (Northern), walden, wælden (early southwest Midlands), wald, walde, wealde, wealden, uelden (Early Middle English)
    • English: wield, English: wald
    • Scots: wield, Scots: wald
• Old Frisian: walda (weak verb)
• Old Saxon: waldan
  • Middle Low German: wolden
    • Low German: wolden
• Old Dutch: waldan
  • ⇒ Middle Dutch: gewouden (strong verb)
• Old High German: waltan
  • Middle High German: walten, walden
    • German: walten (weak verb)
      • → Danish: valte