Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/twiʀn

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *twiznaz, *twiznô (“twine”), from Proto-Indo-European *dwis-nó-s (“double”), from *dwís (“twice, in two”) +‎ *-nós. Cognate with Old Norse tvinni (“twine”).

Noun

*twiʀn m

1. twine, double thread

Inflection

Masculine a-stem
	Singular
Nominative	*twiʀn
Genitive	*twiʀnas
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*twiʀn	*twiʀnō, *twiʀnōs
Accusative	*twiʀn	*twiʀnā
Genitive	*twiʀnas	*twiʀnō
Dative	*twiʀnē	*twiʀnum
Instrumental	*twiʀnu	*twiʀnum

Descendants

• Old English: twīn, *twirn, *tweorn
  • Middle English: twine, twyne, twin, twern, *twire, *twir
    • Scots: twyn, twine
    • English: twine, twire
• Old Frisian: *twīn
  • Saterland Frisian: Twien
  • West Frisian: twyn
• Old Saxon: *twirn
  • Middle Low German: twern, twerne, twērne
    • German Low German: Tweern, Tweernt
• Old Dutch: *twīn, *twirn
  • Middle Dutch: twern, tweren, twaern, twijn
    • Dutch: tweern, twijn
• Old High German: *zwirn
  • Middle High German: zwirn
    • German: Zwirn
    • Hunsrik: Zwern
    • Luxembourgish: Zwir