Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/swōl(ī)

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *swōl(j)-, vṛddhi gerundive of *swaljaną (“to burn”).

Adjective

*swōl(ī)

1. (weather) sweltering, sultry

Inflection

a-stem
Singular	Masculine
Nominative	*swōl
Genitive	*swōlas
Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	*swōl	*swōlu	*swōl
Accusative	*swōlanā	*swōlā	*swōl
Genitive	*swōlas	*swōleʀā	*swōlas
Dative	*swōlumē	*swōleʀē	*swōlumē
Instrumental	*swōlu	*swōleʀu	*swōlu
Plural	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	*swōlē	*swōlō	*swōlu
Accusative	*swōlā	*swōlā	*swōlu
Genitive	*swōleʀō	*swōleʀō	*swōleʀō
Dative	*swōlēm, *swōlum	*swōlēm, *swōlum	*swōlēm, *swōlum
Instrumental	*swōlēm, *swōlum	*swōlēm, *swōlum	*swōlēm, *swōlum

ja-stem
Singular	Masculine
Nominative	*swōlī
Genitive	*swōlijas
Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	*swōlī	*swōliju	*swōlī
Accusative	*swōlijanā	*swōlijā	*swōlī
Genitive	*swōlijas	*swōlijeʀā	*swōlijas
Dative	*swōlijumē	*swōlijeʀē	*swōlijumē
Instrumental	*swōliju	*swōlijeʀu	*swōliju
Plural	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	*swōlijē	*swōlijō	*swōliju
Accusative	*swōlijā	*swōlijā	*swōliju
Genitive	*swōlijeʀō	*swōlijeʀō	*swōlijeʀō
Dative	*swōlijēm, *swōlijum	*swōlijēm, *swōlijum	*swōlijēm, *swōlijum
Instrumental	*swōlijēm, *swōlijum	*swōlijēm, *swōlijum	*swōlijēm, *swōlijum

Related terms

• *swalljan
• *swelan
• *swōl
  • Old English: swól (“heat, glow”)

Descendants

• Old Frisian: *swōl
  • North Frisian: swol, swaul, sweel
  • West Frisian: swoel, soel
  • Saterland Frisian: swoul
• Old Saxon: *swōli, *swōl
  • Middle Low German: swôle, swôl, swûl
    • German Low German: swool, swüül
      • → German: schwül
• Old Dutch: *swuol
  • Middle Dutch: *swoel (implied by the derived verb verswoelen)
    • Dutch: zwoel, zoel