Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/skarpijan
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This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-West Germanic
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From *skarp (“sharp”) + *-jan.
Verb
[edit]- to sharpen
Inflection
[edit]| Class 1 weak | ||
|---|---|---|
| Infinitive | *skarpijan | |
| 1st sg. past | *skarpidā | |
| Infinitive | *skarpijan | |
| Genitive infin. | *skarpijannjas | |
| Dative infin. | *skarpijannjē | |
| Instrum. infin. | *skarpijannju | |
| Indicative | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | *skarpiju | *skarpidā |
| 2nd singular | *skarpisi | *skarpidēs, *skarpidōs |
| 3rd singular | *skarpiþi | *skarpidē, *skarpidā |
| 1st plural | *skarpijum | *skarpidum |
| 2nd plural | *skarpiþ | *skarpidud |
| 3rd plural | *skarpijanþ | *skarpidun |
| Subjunctive | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | *skarpijē | *skarpidī |
| 2nd singular | *skarpijēs | *skarpidī |
| 3rd singular | *skarpijē | *skarpidī |
| 1st plural | *skarpijēm | *skarpidīm |
| 2nd plural | *skarpijēþ | *skarpidīd |
| 3rd plural | *skarpijēn | *skarpidīn |
| Imperative | Present | |
| Singular | *skarpi | |
| Plural | *skarpiþ | |
| Present | Past | |
| Participle | *skarpijandī | *skarpid |
Related terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- Old English: sċierpan, sċyrpan, sċirpan, sċerpan
- Old Saxon: skerpian
- Old Dutch: skerpen
- Old High German: *skarpfen, *skerpfen
- Middle High German: scherpfen, scherfen
- German: schärfen
- ⇒ Old High German: giskarpfen, *giskerpfen, giserpfen
- Middle High German: scherpfen, scherfen
References
[edit]- ^ Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 242: “PWGmc *skarpijan”
- ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*skarpjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 335