Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/skarpijan

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From *skarp (“sharp”) +‎ *-jan.

Verb

*skarpijan

1. to sharpen

Inflection

Class 1 weak
Infinitive	*skarpijan
1st sg. past	*skarpidā
Infinitive	*skarpijan
Genitive infin.	*skarpijannjas
Dative infin.	*skarpijannjē
Instrum. infin.	*skarpijannju
Indicative	Present	Past
1st singular	*skarpiju	*skarpidā
2nd singular	*skarpisi	*skarpidēs, *skarpidōs
3rd singular	*skarpiþi	*skarpidē, *skarpidā
1st plural	*skarpijum	*skarpidum
2nd plural	*skarpiþ	*skarpidud
3rd plural	*skarpijanþ	*skarpidun
Subjunctive	Present	Past
1st singular	*skarpijē	*skarpidī
2nd singular	*skarpijēs	*skarpidī
3rd singular	*skarpijē	*skarpidī
1st plural	*skarpijēm	*skarpidīm
2nd plural	*skarpijēþ	*skarpidīd
3rd plural	*skarpijēn	*skarpidīn
Imperative	Present
Singular	*skarpi
Plural	*skarpiþ
	Present	Past
Participle	*skarpijandī	*skarpid

Related terms

• *skarpōn
• *skurpijan

Descendants

• Old English: sċierpan, sċyrpan, sċirpan, sċerpan
  • Middle English: scerpen, scharpen (merged with descendant of Old English sċearpian)
    • English: sharp
    • Scots: scherp, scharp
• Old Saxon: skerpian
  • Middle Low German: scherpen, scharpen
    • German Low German: scharpen
• Old Dutch: skerpen
  • Middle Dutch: scherpen
    • Dutch: scherpen
    • Limburgish: sjèrpe
• Old High German: *skarpfen, *skerpfen
  • Middle High German: scherpfen, scherfen
    • German: schärfen
  • ⇒ Old High German: giskarpfen, *giskerpfen, giserpfen