Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/skard

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology 1

From Proto-Germanic *skardaz, from Proto-Indo-European *skerdʰ-.

Adjective

*skard

1. damaged, notched
2. wounded

Inflection

a-stem
Singular	Masculine
Nominative	*skard
Genitive	*skardas
Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	*skard	*skardu	*skard
Accusative	*skardanā	*skardā	*skard
Genitive	*skardas	*skardeʀā	*skardas
Dative	*skardumē	*skardeʀē	*skardumē
Instrumental	*skardu	*skardeʀu	*skardu
Plural	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	*skardē	*skardō	*skardu
Accusative	*skardā	*skardā	*skardu
Genitive	*skardeʀō	*skardeʀō	*skardeʀō
Dative	*skardēm, *skardum	*skardēm, *skardum	*skardēm, *skardum
Instrumental	*skardēm, *skardum	*skardēm, *skardum	*skardēm, *skardum

Derived terms

• *skardijan

Descendants

• Old English: sċeard
  • Middle English: scherd, scheard, scheord, scherde, schord, shard, sherd, sherde
    • English: shard, sherd
    • Scots: shaird
    • Yola: sheardhe, sheardh, shearde, sharde
• Old Frisian: skerd, skerde
• Old Saxon: skard
  • Middle Low German: schart
• Old High German: *skart
  • Middle High German: schart, scharte
    • German: Scharte

Etymology 2

From Proto-Germanic *skardą, derivative of *skardaz.

Noun

*skard n

1. notch, nick
2. splinter, sliver

Inflection

Neuter a-stem
	Singular
Nominative	*skard
Genitive	*skardas
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*skard	*skardu
Accusative	*skard	*skardu
Genitive	*skardas	*skardō
Dative	*skardē	*skardum
Instrumental	*skardu	*skardum

Descendants

• Old English: sċeard
  • Middle English: scherd, scheard, scheord, scherde, schord, shard, sherd, sherde
    • English: shard, sherd
    • Scots: shaird
    • Yola: sheardhe, sheardh, shearde, sharde
• Old Frisian: skerd
  • Saterland Frisian: Skeed
  • West Frisian: schird, skurd
• Old Saxon: *skard
  • Middle Low German: schart
    • German Low German: Schaarde
• Old Dutch: *skard
  • Middle Dutch: scart, scaert, schaerde, scheerde
    • Dutch: schaarde
      • → West Frisian: skaart
• Old High German: scart; *skarti
  • Middle High German: scharte
    • German: Scharte
    • Luxembourgish: Schaart
• → Catalan: esquerda
• → Old French: escharde, escherde
  • Middle French: eschardre
    • French: écharde
  • → Old Italian: scarda
    • ⇒ Italian: scardare
  • → Basque: eskarda