Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/rōþr

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *rōþrą. Equivalent to *rōan (“to row”) +‎ *-þr.

Noun

*rōþr n

1. oar

   Synonyms: *airu, *rēmō

2. rudder

Inflection

Neuter a-stem
	Singular
Nominative	*rōþr
Genitive	*rōþras
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*rōþr	*rōþru
Accusative	*rōþr	*rōþru
Genitive	*rōþras	*rōþrō
Dative	*rōþrē	*rōþrum
Instrumental	*rōþru	*rōþrum

Descendants

• Old English: rōþor
  • Middle English: rother, rodder, rothre, ruder, rothyr, rothir, rothar, roþer
    • English: rudder, rother
    • Scots: rudder, ruther, ruder
• Old Frisian: rōther, rōder
  • Saterland Frisian: Ruur
  • West Frisian: roer
• Old Saxon: *rōthar
  • Middle Low German: rôder
    • German Low German: Roor
    • → Danish: ror
    • → Faroese: róður
    • → Norwegian: ror
    • → Old Swedish: rodher
      • Swedish: roder
• Old Dutch: *ruother
  • Middle Dutch: roeder
    • Dutch: roer
      • Afrikaans: roer
      • → Russian: руль (rulʹ)
        • → Armenian: ռուլ (ṙul)
        • → Azerbaijani: rul
        • → Georgian: რული (ruli)
        • → Kazakh: рөл (röl)
        • → Persian: رل (rol)
• Old High German: ruodar, ruoder
  • Middle High German: ruoder
    • German: Ruder
    • Luxembourgish: Rudder
    • Yiddish: רודער (ruder)