Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/panning

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *panningaz.

Noun

*panning m

1. coin, penny

Inflection

Masculine a-stem
	Singular
Nominative	*panning
Genitive	*panningas
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*panning	*panningō, *panningōs
Accusative	*panning	*panningā
Genitive	*panningas	*panningō
Dative	*panningē	*panningum
Instrumental	*panningu	*panningum

Alternative reconstructions

• *panding, *penning

Descendants

• Old English: penning, pending, pæning, pening, pæniġ, peniġ
  • Middle English: peny, pani, paniȝe, peni, penie, pening
    • English: penny, pence (see there for further descendants)
    • Scots: penny
  • → Old Irish: pinginn, penginn (possibly from Old Norse)
    • Irish: pingin
  • → Old Spanish:
    • Spanish: penique
• Old Frisian: panning, penning, pennig
  • Saterland Frisian: Pännich
  • West Frisian: pinning
• Old Saxon: penning, pennig
  • Middle Low German: pennink
    • German Low German: Penning, Penn
• Old Dutch: *penning
  • Middle Dutch: penninc, pennich, pennig
    • Dutch: penning
    • Limburgish: penning
• Old High German: pfending, pfanting, pfenting, pfenning; (Central German) penning
  • Middle High German: pfennic, pfenninc; penninc
    • Central Franconian: Penning, Pennek
      • Luxembourgish: Pennek (obsolete)
    • German: Pfennig
      • → English: pfennig
      • → Luxembourgish: Fenneg