Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/kwelan

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *kwelaną.

Verb

*kwelan

1. to suffer, to hurt

Inflection

Strong class 4
Infinitive	*kwelan
1st sg. past	*kwal
3rd pl. past	*kwālun
Past ptcple	*kolan
Infinitive	*kwelan
Genitive infin.	*kwelannjas
Dative infin.	*kwelannjē
Instrum. infin.	*kwelannju
Indicative	Present	Past
1st singular	*kwelu	*kwal
2nd singular	*kwiliʀi	*kwālī
3rd singular	*kwilidi	*kwal
1st plural	*kwelum	*kwālum
2nd plural	*kwilid	*kwālud
3rd plural	*kweland	*kwālun
Subjunctive	Present	Past
1st singular	*kwelē	*kwālī
2nd singular	*kwelēs	*kwālī
3rd singular	*kwelē	*kwālī
1st plural	*kwelēm	*kwālīm
2nd plural	*kwelēþ	*kwālīd
3rd plural	*kwelēn	*kwālīn
Imperative	Present
Singular	*kwil
Plural	*kwilid
	Present	Past
Participle	*kwelandī	*kolan

Derived terms

• *kwalljan
• *kwalu
• *kwālu

Descendants

• Old English: cwelan
  • Middle English: quelen
    • English: queal
• Old Saxon: quelan
  • Middle Low German: quelen
• Old Dutch: *quelan
  • Middle Dutch: quēlen, queilen
    • Dutch: kwelen
    • → Middle English: quaylen
      • English: quail
• Old High German: quelan
  • Middle High German: queln
    • German: quälen