Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/klunnjan

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

A zero-grade intensive verb related to the strong verb *klinnan (“to sound”).

Verb

*klunnjan

1. to sound
2. to knock

Inflection

Class 1 weak
Infinitive	*klunnjan
1st sg. past	*klunidā
Infinitive	*klunnjan
Genitive infin.	*klunnjannjas
Dative infin.	*klunnjannjē
Instrum. infin.	*klunnjannju
Indicative	Present	Past
1st singular	*klunnju	*klunidā
2nd singular	*klunisi	*klunidēs, *klunidōs
3rd singular	*kluniþi	*klunidē, *klunidā
1st plural	*klunnjum	*klunidum
2nd plural	*kluniþ	*klunidud
3rd plural	*klunnjanþ	*klunidun
Subjunctive	Present	Past
1st singular	*klunnjē	*klunidī
2nd singular	*klunnjēs	*klunidī
3rd singular	*klunnjē	*klunidī
1st plural	*klunnjēm	*klunidīm
2nd plural	*klunnjēþ	*klunidīd
3rd plural	*klunnjēn	*klunidīn
Imperative	Present
Singular	*kluni
Plural	*kluniþ
	Present	Past
Participle	*klunnjandī	*klunid

Descendants

• Old English: clynnan, clynian, clynan
• Old Saxon: *klunnian, *klunian
  • Middle Low German: *klunen, klunden, *klünen, *klōnen, *klȫnen
    • German Low German: klönen
• Old Dutch: *klunnen, *klunen
  • Middle Dutch: kluenen, klōnen
    • Dutch: kleunen

References

• Guus Kroonen (2013) “*klunjan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 294