Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/kirnijā

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *kirnijǭ (“a churn”).^[1]

Noun

*kirnijā f

churn

Inflection

ōn-stem
	Singular
Nominative	*kirnijā
Genitive	*kirnijōn
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*kirnijā	*kirnijōn
Accusative	*kirnijōn	*kirnijōn
Genitive	*kirnijōn	*kirnijōnō
Dative	*kirnijōn	kirnijōm, kirnijum
Instrumental	*kirnijōn	kirnijōm, kirnijum

Descendants

Old English: ċirin, ċyrin
- Middle English: chyrne, cherine, cherne, cheyrne, chirne, kirne, kyrn, kyrne
  - English: churn, kern
  - Scots: kirn, kern, kurn, curn
Old Frisian: *tzerne^[2]
- North Frisian:
  Föhr-Amrum: saaren
  
  Halligen: seern
  
  Karrharde: scharn
  
  Mooring: scharn
  
  Wiedingharde: scharn
- East Frisian:
  Saterland Frisian: Säddene
  
  Wangerooge Frisian: sjënn
- West Frisian: tsjerne
  Hindeloopen: serne
  
  Schiermonnikoog: tjen
Old Saxon:
- Middle Low German: kerne, kirne, karne
  - Low German: Karne
  - → German: Karn, Kirne, Kerne
  - → Latvian: ķērne
Old Dutch:
- Middle Dutch: kerne, keerne
  - Dutch: karn
    - Afrikaans: karring
→ Walloon: serene

References

^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*kernō(n)”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 213
^ Norbruis, Stefan (2015) “tserne”, in Etymological Dictionary of West Frisian Farming Vocabulary‎^[2], Leiden: Leiden University, page 43.

[1] Vladimir Orel (2003) “*kernō(n)”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 213

[2] Norbruis, Stefan (2015) “tserne”, in Etymological Dictionary of West Frisian Farming Vocabulary‎^[2], Leiden: Leiden University, page 43.

[1]

[2]