Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/hwarbijan

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This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

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Etymology

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From Proto-Germanic *hwarbijaną.

Verb

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*hwarbijan

  1. to (cause to) turn
  2. to (cause to) change

Inflection

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Class 1 weak
Infinitive *hwarbijan
1st sg. past *hwarbidā
Infinitive *hwarbijan
Genitive infin. *hwarbijannjas
Dative infin. *hwarbijannjē
Instrum. infin. *hwarbijannju
Indicative Present Past
1st singular *hwarbiju *hwarbidā
2nd singular *hwarbisi *hwarbidēs, *hwarbidōs
3rd singular *hwarbiþi *hwarbidē, *hwarbidā
1st plural *hwarbijum *hwarbidum
2nd plural *hwarbiþ *hwarbidud
3rd plural *hwarbijanþ *hwarbidun
Subjunctive Present Past
1st singular *hwarbijē *hwarbidī
2nd singular *hwarbijēs *hwarbidī
3rd singular *hwarbijē *hwarbidī
1st plural *hwarbijēm *hwarbidīm
2nd plural *hwarbijēþ *hwarbidīd
3rd plural *hwarbijēn *hwarbidīn
Imperative Present
Singular *hwarbi
Plural *hwarbiþ
Present Past
Participle *hwarbijandī *hwarbid
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Descendants

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  • Old English: hwierfan
  • Old Saxon: hwerbian
  • Old High German: werban