Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/hulis

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

Unknown; possibly from Proto-Indo-European *kelh₂- (“to sting, prick”), or perhaps borrowed from some substrate language. Compare Old English holen (“holly”), Old Norse hulfr (“holly”), Proto-Celtic *kolinos (“holly tree”) (whence Old Irish cuilenn, Welsh celyn).

Noun

*hulis m

1. holly

Inflection

Masculine a-stem
	Singular
Nominative	*hulis
Genitive	*hulisas
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*hulis	*hulisō, *hulisōs
Accusative	*hulis	*hulisā
Genitive	*hulisas	*hulisō
Dative	*hulisē	*hulisum
Instrumental	*hulisu	*hulisum

Descendants

• ⇒ Old English: (unknown stem variant) holen, holeġn, holiġn, holiġ
  • Middle English: holyn, holin, holy, holly
    • English: holly, hollen
    • Scots: holin, hollin, holyn
  • Middle English: holme, holm
    • English: holm
• Old Saxon: hulis
  • Middle Low German: hüls
    • German Low German:

      Ravensbergisch-Lippisch: Hülse

      Sauerländisch: Hulse, Hulle, Hülse, Huse

• Old Dutch: *hulis
  • Middle Dutch: huls, hulst f
    • Dutch: hulst
• Old High German: hulis, huls, hulisa, huliso
  • Middle High German: huls
    • German: Hülse f, Hulst, Holst, Hülsen, Hulse, Hulsenbaum, Hulsenstrauch, Hülst, Holch, Hulsch, Hülsenstrauch, Hülsenbaum, Hülsekraut, Hubze
• → Old French: hous, hus, huche, houche, huse, houce, houlx
  • Middle French: hous, houx, houlx
    • French: houx
  • Norman: housse (Jèrriais)
  • Picard: hoûx (Athois), oûch
  • Walloon: hoû (Charleroi), hoûssê (Forrières), hoûs