Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/harwōn

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From *haru (“sharp, bitter”) +‎ *-ōn.

Verb

*harwōn^[1]^[2]

to sharpen
to make bitter

Inflection

Class 2 weak
Infinitive	*harwōn
1st sg. past	*harwōdā
Infinitive	*harwōn
Genitive infin.	*harwōnijas
Dative infin.	*harwōnijē
Instrum. infin.	*harwōniju
Indicative	Present	Past
1st singular	*harwō	*harwōdā
2nd singular	*harwōs	harwōdēs, harwōdōs
3rd singular	*harwōþ	harwōdē, harwōdā
1st plural	*harwōm	*harwōdum
2nd plural	*harwōþ	*harwōdud
3rd plural	*harwōnþ	*harwōdun
Subjunctive	Present	Past
1st singular	*harwō	*harwōdī
2nd singular	*harwōs	*harwōdī
3rd singular	*harwō	*harwōdī
1st plural	*harwōm	*harwōdīm
2nd plural	*harwōþ	*harwōdīd
3rd plural	*harwōn	*harwōdīn
Imperative	Present
Singular	*harwō
Plural	*harwōþ
	Present	Past
Participle	*harwōndī	*harwōd

Alternative reconstructions

*haʀwōn^[3]

Descendants

Old Frisian: *harja (likely a borrowing from Middle Dutch or Middle Low German)
- Saterland Frisian: hoarje
- West Frisian: harje
Old Saxon: *harwōn
- Middle Low German: haren, harwen
  - German Low German: haaren
Old Dutch: *harwon
- Middle Dutch: haren
  - Dutch: haren

References

^ de Vaan, Michiel (2020) “haar”, in Digitale Etymologieën: Toevoegingen bij het Etymologisch Woordenboek van het Nederlands‎^[1], page 40
^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*harōnan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 212
^ Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1991) The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Latin (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 2), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 91

[1] Vaan, Michiel (2020) “haar”, in Digitale Etymologieën: Toevoegingen bij het Etymologisch Woordenboek van het Nederlands‎^[1], page 40

[2] Guus Kroonen (2013) “*harōnan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 212

[3] Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1991) The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Latin (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 2), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 91

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