Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/frafal(i)
Appearance
Proto-West Germanic
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Uncertain; possibly from *fra- (“fully”) + *fali (“evil, cruel”), or alternatively from *fra- + *afl (“strength, power”) + *-ī.[1]
Adjective
[edit]*frafal(i)
Inflection
[edit]a-stem | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Masculine | ||
Nominative | *frafal | ||
Genitive | *frafalas | ||
Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
Nominative | *frafal | *frafalu | *frafal |
Accusative | *frafalanā | *frafalā | *frafal |
Genitive | *frafalas | *frafaleʀā | *frafalas |
Dative | *frafalumē | *frafaleʀē | *frafalumē |
Instrumental | *frafalu | *frafaleʀu | *frafalu |
Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
Nominative | *frafalē | *frafalō | *frafalu |
Accusative | *frafalā | *frafalā | *frafalu |
Genitive | *frafaleʀō | *frafaleʀō | *frafaleʀō |
Dative | *frafalēm, *frafalum | *frafalēm, *frafalum | *frafalēm, *frafalum |
Instrumental | *frafalēm, *frafalum | *frafalēm, *frafalum | *frafalēm, *frafalum |
ja-stem | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Masculine | ||
Nominative | *frafali | ||
Genitive | *frafalljas | ||
Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
Nominative | *frafali | *frafallju | *frafali |
Accusative | *frafalljanā | *frafalljā | *frafali |
Genitive | *frafalljas | *frafalljeʀā | *frafalljas |
Dative | *frafalljumē | *frafalljeʀē | *frafalljumē |
Instrumental | *frafallju | *frafalljeʀu | *frafallju |
Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
Nominative | *frafalljē | *frafalljō | *frafallju |
Accusative | *frafalljā | *frafalljā | *frafallju |
Genitive | *frafalljeʀō | *frafalljeʀō | *frafalljeʀō |
Dative | *frafalljēm, *frafalljum | *frafalljēm, *frafalljum | *frafalljēm, *frafalljum |
Instrumental | *frafalljēm, *frafalljum | *frafalljēm, *frafalljum | *frafalljēm, *frafalljum |
Alternative reconstructions
[edit]- *frafalu, *frafl(ī)[1]
Derived terms
[edit]- *frafalārī
- *frafalēn
- *frafalī
- *frafalīg
- *frafalihaidu
- *frafalilīk
- Old Saxon: *fravillīk
- Middle Low German: frevellich, frevelich
- Old High German: frafallīh, fravallīh
- Middle High German: vrevellich
- Old Saxon: *fravillīk
- *frafalilīkō
- *frafalimōd
- *frafalidādi
- *frafalō
- *frafalu
Descendants
[edit]- Old English: fræfel, fræfele, fræfeli, *frefel, frævol
- >? Scots: frewall
- Old Frisian: frevel
- Saterland Frisian: friewel
- Old Saxon: frabol, fravol
- Old Dutch: *fravali[1]
- Old High German: frafali, fravali
- → Medieval Latin: frafalius, farfalius (“empty, trifling, worthless, frivolous”)
References
[edit]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Philippa, Marlies, Debrabandere, Frans, Quak, Arend, Schoonheim, Tanneke, van der Sijs, Nicoline (2003–2009) “wrevel”, in Etymologisch woordenboek van het Nederlands[1] (in Dutch), Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press: “onl. *fravali”