Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/bitr

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *bitraz. Equivalent to *bītan +‎ *-r.

Adjective

*bitr

1. bitter

Inflection

a-stem
Singular	Masculine
Nominative	*bitr
Genitive	*bittras
Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	*bitr	*bittru	*bitr
Accusative	*bittranā	*bittrā	*bitr
Genitive	*bittras	*bittreʀā	*bittras
Dative	*bittrumē	*bittreʀē	*bittrumē
Instrumental	*bittru	*bittreʀu	*bittru
Plural	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	*bittrē	*bittrō	*bittru
Accusative	*bittrā	*bittrā	*bittru
Genitive	*bittreʀō	*bittreʀō	*bittreʀō
Dative	*bittrēm, *bittrum	*bittrēm, *bittrum	*bittrēm, *bittrum
Instrumental	*bittrēm, *bittrum	*bittrēm, *bittrum	*bittrēm, *bittrum

Derived terms

• *bittrōn

Descendants

• Old English: biter, bitter
  • Middle English: bitter
    • Scots: bittir
    • English: bitter
• Old Frisian: *bitter
  • Saterland Frisian: bitter
  • West Frisian: bitter
• Old Saxon: bittar
  • Middle Low German: bitter
    • Low German: bitter
    • → Danish: bitter
    • → Swedish: bitter (partly)
    • → Norwegian: bitter
• Old Dutch: bitter
  • Middle Dutch: bitter
    • Dutch: bitter
• Old High German: bittar, pittar
  • Middle High German: bitter, pitter
    • German: bitter
    • Luxembourgish: batter
    • Vilamovian: bytter
    • Yiddish: ביטער (biter)