Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/bikkil

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology 1

From *bikkjan (“to stab, hack”) +‎ *-il (diminutive suffix).

Noun

*bikkil m

2. a chip (of stone, bone), pebble, ossicle

   Synonyms: *flint, *flintastain, *kesul, *kesulastain

4. die (game piece)

   Synonyms: *bikkilastain, *wurpil

Inflection

Masculine a-stem
	Singular
Nominative	*bikkil
Genitive	*bikkilas
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*bikkil	*bikkilō, *bikkilōs
Accusative	*bikkil	*bikkilā
Genitive	*bikkilas	*bikkilō
Dative	*bikkilē	*bikkilum
Instrumental	*bikkilu	*bikkilum

Derived terms

• *bikkilastain

Descendants

• Old Saxon: *bikkil
  • Middle Low German: bickel
• Old Dutch: *bickil
  • Middle Dutch: bickel, pickel, peckel
    • Dutch: bikkel, biggel (dialectal)
• Old High German: *bikkil, *bihhil
  • Middle High German: bickel
    • Cimbrian: biighel
• → Old French: bille (“small ball, marble”)
  • Middle French: bille
    • French: bille

Etymology 2

From *bikkjan (“to stab, hack”) +‎ *-il (agent noun suffix).

Noun

*bikkil m

2. pickaxe, hoe

   Synonyms: *bekkō, *bikkjō, *hauwā

Inflection

Masculine a-stem
	Singular
Nominative	*bikkil
Genitive	*bikkilas
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*bikkil	*bikkilō, *bikkilōs
Accusative	*bikkil	*bikkilā
Genitive	*bikkilas	*bikkilō
Dative	*bikkilē	*bikkilum
Instrumental	*bikkilu	*bikkilum

Descendants

• Old Saxon: *bikkil
  • Middle Low German: bickel
  • ⇒ Old Saxon: *stēnbikkil
    • Middle Low German: stēnbickel, steinbickel, stēnbikil, steinbikil
• Old Dutch: *bickil
  • Middle Dutch: bickel, pickel, peckel
    • Dutch: bikkel, biggel (dialectal)
• Old High German: *bikkil, *bihhil
  • Middle High German: bickel
• → Medieval Latin: billa
  • → Old French: bille (see there for further descendants)
  • → Spanish: billa