Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/ūtōn

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains original research. The reconstruction in this entry is based on published research, but the specific form presented here is not found in prior works.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From *ūt (“out, outside”) +‎ *-ōn.

Verb

*ūtōn

1. to push away, to expel
2. to utter, to express
3. to disclose; reveal; expose
4. to extinguish

Inflection

Class 2 weak
Infinitive	*ūtōn
1st sg. past	*ūtōdā
Infinitive	*ūtōn
Genitive infin.	*ūtōnijas
Dative infin.	*ūtōnijē
Instrum. infin.	*ūtōniju
Indicative	Present	Past
1st singular	*ūtō	*ūtōdā
2nd singular	*ūtōs	*ūtōdēs, *ūtōdōs
3rd singular	*ūtōþ	*ūtōdē, *ūtōdā
1st plural	*ūtōm	*ūtōdum
2nd plural	*ūtōþ	*ūtōdud
3rd plural	*ūtōnþ	*ūtōdun
Subjunctive	Present	Past
1st singular	*ūtō	*ūtōdī
2nd singular	*ūtōs	*ūtōdī
3rd singular	*ūtō	*ūtōdī
1st plural	*ūtōm	*ūtōdīm
2nd plural	*ūtōþ	*ūtōdīd
3rd plural	*ūtōn	*ūtōdīn
Imperative	Present
Singular	*ūtō
Plural	*ūtōþ
	Present	Past
Participle	*ūtōndī	*ūtōd

Related terms

• *ūtijan

Descendants

• Old English: ūtian
  • Middle English: outen
    • English: out
• Old Frisian: ūtia
• Old Saxon: *ūton
  • Middle Low German: ūten
• Old Dutch: *ūton
  • Middle Dutch: uten
    • Dutch: uiten
      • Afrikaans: uit
• Old High German: ūzōn
  • Middle High German: ūzen
    • German: außen (obsolete)