Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/ōfer

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *ōferaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éh₁-per-o-s, from *h₂éh₁ (“to, at”) +‎ *per- (“beyond, across”) +‎ *-os, (whence Ancient Greek πέρας (péras, “end, boundary”)) + *-os. Cognate with Ancient Greek ἤπειρος (ḗpeiros, “mainland”), and possibly Old Armenian ափն (apʻn, “edge; shore”).

Noun

*ōfer m

1. border, edge (of a body of water)
2. shoreline

Inflection

Masculine a-stem
	Singular
Nominative	*ōfer
Genitive	*ōferas
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*ōfer	*ōferō, *ōferōs
Accusative	*ōfer	*ōferā
Genitive	*ōferas	*ōferō
Dative	*ōferē	*ōferum
Instrumental	*ōferu	*ōferum

Descendants

• Old English: ōfer, ōfor, ōbr
  • Middle English: over
    • English: over
    • Scots: offer
• Old Frisian: ōvera, ōvere
  • North Frisian: over
  • Saterland Frisian: Ouger n
  • West Frisian: ouwer
• Old Saxon: *ovar
  • Middle Low German: över, oever, oyver, auver
    • Low German: Över
• Old Dutch: *uovar, *ōvar
  • Middle Dutch: oever
    • Dutch: oever
      • Afrikaans: oewer
    • Limburgish: euver
• Old High German: *uofar
  • Middle High German: uover, uober
    • German: Ufer