Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/yẹlim

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Noun

*yẹlim

1. glue

Declension

Declension of *yẹlim

	Singular 3)
Nominative	*yẹlim
Accusative	*yẹlimig, *yẹlimni1)
Genitive	*yẹlimniŋ
Dative	*yẹlimke
Locative	*yẹlimde
Ablative	*yẹlimden
Allative	*yẹlimgerü
Instrumental 2)	*yẹlimin
Equative 2)	*yẹlimče
Similative 2)	*yẹlimleyü
Comitative 2)	*yẹlimligü

¹⁾ Originally only in pronominal declension.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.

Descendants

• Oghur:
  • Chuvash: ҫилӗм (śilĕm)
• Common Turkic:
  • Proto-Oghuz: *yẹlim
    • East Oghuz:
      • Turkmen: ýelim
      • Salar: yilem
  • Karluk:
    • Chagatai: [script needed] (yelim)
      • Uyghur: يېلىم (yëlim)
      • Uzbek: yelim
        • → Tajik: елим (yelim)
  • Kipchak:
    • North Kipchak:
      • Bashkir: елем (yelem)
      • Tatar: җилем (cilem)
    • West Kipchak:
      • Karachay-Balkar: джелим (celim)
    • South Kipchak:
      • Karakalpak: jelim
      • Kazakh: желім (jelım)
      • Nogai: елим (yelim)
    • East Kipchak:
      • Kyrgyz: желим (jelim)
      • Southern Altai: јелим (ǰelim)
  • Siberian:
    • Old Uyghur: yylym (yelim)
    • Northern Altai: челим (čelim)
    • North Siberian:
      • Dolgan: һилим (hilim)
      • Yakut: силим (silim)
    • South Siberian:
      • Yenisei Turkic:
        • Shor: челим (çelim)

References

• Clauson, Gerard (1972) “”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, pages 928-929
• Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 196
• Sevortjan, E. V., Levitskaja, L. S. (1989) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume 4, Moscow: Nauka, pages 179-180
• Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*yẹlim”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎^[1], Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
• Doerfer, Gerhard (1975) Türkische und mongolische Elemente im Neupersischen [Turkic and Mongolian Elements in New Persian] (Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur: Veröffentlichungen der Orientalischen Kommission; 21)‎^[2] (in German), volume 4, Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, page 189