Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/yöke

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

Perhaps related to Mongolian ᠨᠢᠭᠦᠷᠰᠦ (nigürsü, “sappanwood, alder”) or Urmi Evenki лакамавун (lakamawun, “elm”), Manchu ᠯᠠᡥᠠᡵᡳ (lahari, “a kind of oak”), ᠯᠠᡥᠠ (laha, “straw mixed with clay to form a building material”). (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

Noun

*yöke

1. lime, elm

   Synonym: *ilme

Declension

Declension of *yöke

	Singular 3)
Nominative	*yöke
Accusative	*yökeg, *yökeni1)
Genitive	*yökeniŋ
Dative	*yökeke
Locative	*yökede
Ablative	*yökeden
Allative	*yökegerü
Instrumental 2)	*yöken
Equative 2)	*yökeče
Similative 2)	*yökeleyü
Comitative 2)	*yökeligü

¹⁾ Originally only in pronominal declension.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.

Descendants

• Oghuz
  • Turkish: cöke (dialectal)
  • Azerbaijani: cökə
• Karluk
  • Chagatai: [script needed] (yöke)
  • Uzbek: joʻka
• Kipchak
  • North Kipchak
    • Bashkir: йүкә (yükə)
    • Tatar: юкә (yukä)
  • West Kipchak
    • Kumyk: ёге (yöge)
    • Karachay-Balkar: джёге (cöge)
    • Crimean Tatar: yüke
  • South Kipchak
    • Kazakh: жөке (jöke)
    • Nogai: йоьке (yöke)
    • Karakalpak: joʻke (“burlap”)
  • East Kipchak
    • Kyrgyz: жөкө (jökö)
• Siberian
  • Southern Siberian
    • Yenisei
      • Shor: чӧге
• Oghur
  • Chuvash: ҫӑка (śăk̬a)

References

• Sevortjan, E. V., Levitskaja, L. S. (1989) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume 4, Moscow: Nauka, page 32