Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/oŋurtka

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

From *oŋur- (“to crush, break off”) +‎ *-tka.

Noun

*oŋurtka (Common Turkic)

(anatomy) spine, backbone

Declension

Declension of *oŋurtka (Common Turkic)

	singular	plural²⁾
nominative	*oŋurtka	*oŋurtkalar
accusative
genitive	*oŋurtkanïŋ	*oŋurtkalarnïŋ
dative	*oŋurtkaka	*oŋurtkalarka
locative	*oŋurtkada	*oŋurtkalarda
ablative	*oŋurtkadan	*oŋurtkalardan
instrumental¹⁾		*oŋurtkalarïn
equative¹⁾	*oŋurtkača	*oŋurtkalarča

¹⁾The original instrumental and equative cases have fallen into disuse in many Common Turkic languages.
²⁾This plural suffix is used only on Common Turkic, and not in Oghur. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page on Wikibooks.

Descendants

Karluk
- Uzbek: umurtqa
- Uyghur: ئومۇرتقا (omurtqa)
Oghuz:
- Old Anatolian Turkish:
  - Azerbaijani: onurğa
  - Ottoman Turkish: اوكورغه (oŋurɣa)
    - Turkish: omurga
- Turkmen: oňurga
Kypchak
- North Kypchak
  - Bashkir: умыртҡа (umırtqa)
  - Tatar: умыртка (umırtka)
- East Kypchak
  - Kyrgyz: омуртка (omurtka)
  - Southern Altai: омуртка (omurtka)
- South Kypchak
  - Karakalpak: омыртқа/omırtqa
  - Kazakh: омыртқа (omyrtqa)
Siberian:
- North Siberian
  - Yakut: уорҕа (uorğa)
- Southern Siberian
  - Khakas: орха (orxa), омыртха (omırtxa) (dialectal)
  - Tuvan: оорга (oorga)
  - Shor: оортқа

References

Sevortjan, E. V. (1974) “оңуртқа”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume I, Moscow: Nauka, pages 463-464