Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/kētmen

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

A derivation from *kēt- (“to notch”).

Noun

*kētmen

1. hoe, mattock

Declension

Declension of *kētmen

	Singular 3)
Nominative	*kētmen
Accusative	*kētmenig, *kētmenni1)
Genitive	*kētmenniŋ
Dative	*kētmenke
Locative	*kētmente
Ablative	*kētmenten
Allative	*kētmengerü
Instrumental 2)	*kētmenin
Equative 2)	*kētmenče
Similative 2)	*kētmenleyü
Comitative 2)	*kētmenligü

¹⁾ Originally only in pronominal declension.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.

Descendants

• Oghur:
  • Chuvash: катмак (katmak)
• Common Turkic:

• Oghuz:
  • Old Anatolian Turkish:
    • Azerbaijani: kətmən
    • Ottoman Turkish: كدمان (gedman, gedmen)
      • Turkish: gedmen (dialectal)
  • Turkmen: kätmen
• Karluk:
  • Karakhanid: کَتْمانْ
    • Uyghur: كەتمەن (ketmen)
    • Uzbek: ketmon
      • →? Russian: кетмень (ketmenʹ)
• Kipchak:
  • North Kipchak:
    • Bashkir: кәтмән (kətmən)
    • Tatar: китмән (kitmän)
  • South Kipchak:
    • Caspian:
      • Kazakh: кетпен (ketpen)
    • Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
      • Kyrgyz: кетмен (ketmen)
      • Southern Altai: кертме (kertme)
• Siberian:
  • Old Uyghur: [script needed] (ketmen)
  • South Siberian:
    • Sayan:
      • Tuvan: хетпе (xetpe)

References

• Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*kēt-men”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill