Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/kēp

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

Akin to Proto-Mongolic *kexe (“ornament, form, example”). Compared also Proto-Tungusic *kepe (“jaw; gills; boards (on boat's front)”). (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

Noun

*kēp

1. form, example, image

Declension

Declension of *kēp

	Singular 3)
Nominative	*kēp
Accusative	*kēpig, *kēpni1)
Genitive	*kēpniŋ
Dative	*kēpke
Locative	*kēpde
Ablative	*kēpden
Allative	*kēpgerü
Instrumental 2)	*kēpin
Equative 2)	*kēpče
Similative 2)	*kēpleyü
Comitative 2)	*kēpligü

¹⁾ Originally only in pronominal declension.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.

Derived terms

• Common Turkic: *kēpi (“like”)

Descendants

• Oghur:
  • Volga Bulgar: *kep
    • Chuvash: кап (kap)
  • Danube Bulgar: *kep
    • → Old Church Slavonic: капь (kapĭ)
      • Serbo-Croatian: кип
      • Macedonian: кип (kip)
      • Russian: кип (kip)
      • Slovene: kip
  • → Hungarian: kép
• Common Turkic:

• Oghuz:
  • Turkmen: gēp (dialect) (?)
• Karluk:
  • Karakhanid: [script needed] (kep/kip)
    • → Turkish: kip
• Kipchak:
  • West Kipchak:
    • Kumyk: [script needed] (kep)
  • South Kipchak:
    • Caspian:
      • Karakalpak: kep
      • Nogai: [script needed] (kep)
    • Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
      • Kyrgyz: кеп (kep)
      • Southern Altai: кеп (kep)
  • → Chechen: кеп (kep)
• Siberian:
  • Old Uyghur: [script needed] (kep)
    • Western Yugur: kep
  • North Siberian:
    • Yakut: киэп (kiep)
  • South Siberian:
    • Sayan:
      • Tuvan: [script needed] (xep)
    • Yenisei:
      • Khakas: [script needed] (kep)
      • Shor: [script needed] (kep)

References

• Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*gēp”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill