Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/es

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Noun

*es

1. memory
2. mind

Declension

Declension of *es

	Singular 3)
Nominative	*es
Accusative	*esig, *esni1)
Genitive	*esniŋ
Dative	*eske
Locative	*esde
Ablative	*esden
Allative	*esgerü
Instrumental 2)	*esin
Equative 2)	*esče
Similative 2)	*esleyü
Comitative 2)	*esligü

¹⁾ Originally only in pronominal declension.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.

Descendants

• Oghur:
  • Chuvash: ас (as)
  • → Hungarian: ész
• Common Turkic: *es
  • ⇒ Common Turkic: *esirge

• Karluk:
  • Uzbek: es
  • Uyghur: ئەس (es)
• Oghuz:
  • Old Anatolian Turkish: [script needed] (es), [script needed] (esle-)
    • Ottoman Turkish: اسلمك (eslemek)
  • Turkmen: es
• Kipchak:
  • North Kipchak:
    • Bashkir: иҫ (iś)
    • Tatar: ис (is)
  • East Kipchak:
    • Kyrgyz: эс (es)
    • Southern Altai: эс (es)
  • West Kipchak:
    • Crimean Tatar: es
    • Karachay-Balkar: эс (es)
    • Kumyk: эс (es)
  • South Kipchak:
    • Karakalpak: ес
    • Kazakh: ес (es)
    • Nogai: ес (yes)

References

• Clauson, Gerard (1972) “”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 252
• Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, pages 49-50
• Sevortjan, E. V. (1974) “ес”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov (in Russian), volume I, Moscow: Nauka, page 310
• Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*es”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎^[1], Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill