Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/balkï-

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

1. According to Çağbayır, of onomatopoeic origin, compare Bashkir балҡ (balq, “expression used to denote a bright shine”).
2. According to Tietze, from Arabic برق (barq, “lightning”) + *-ï-, compare dialectal Turkish barkımak (“to shine”) and balk (“lightning”), alternative form of berk.

Verb

*balkï-

1. (Common Turkic, transitive) to shine, glitter

Conjugation

Conjugation of *balkï- (Common Turkic)

Note: Actual conjugations can be more complex than tables below. Compound forms with the auxiliary *er- not shown.

Positive
infinitive			*balkïmak
participle	present		*balkïgan, balkïgma, balkïr
	past		*balkïduk, balkïmïš
	future		*balkïdačï, balkïmakčï, balkïsïk, balkïyačak
verbal noun			*balkïma, balkïg, balkïgu
way of doing			*balkïš
			singular			plural
			1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
			*ben	*sen	*ol	*biz	*siz	*olar
indicative	aorist		*balkïr ben	*balkïr sen	*balkïr	*balkïr biz	*balkïr siz	*balkïr
	past	simple	*balkïdïm	*balkïdïŋ	*balkïdï	*balkïdïk, balkïdïmïz	*balkïdïŋïz	*balkïdï
		inferential	*balkïmïš ben	*balkïmïš sen	*balkïmïš	*balkïmïš biz	*balkïmïš siz	*balkïmïš
	future	simple	*balkïdačï ben, balkïmakčï ben, balkïyačak ben	*balkïdačï sen, balkïmakčï sen, balkïyačak sen	*balkïdačï, balkïmakčï, balkïyačak	*balkïdačï biz, balkïmakčï biz, balkïyačak biz	*balkïdačï siz, balkïmakčï siz, balkïyačak siz	*balkïdačï, balkïmakčï, balkïyačak
		predictive	*balkïgay ben	*balkïgay sen	*balkïgay	*balkïgay biz	*balkïgay siz	*balkïgay
		necessitive	*balkïsïkïm	*balkïsïkïŋ	*balkïsïk	*balkïsïkïmïz	*balkïsïkïŋïz	*balkïsïk
conditional			*balkïsam, balkïsar ben	*balkïsaŋ, balkïsar sen	*balkïsa, balkïsar	*balkïsak, balkïsamïz, balkïsar biz	*balkïsaŋïz, balkïsar siz	*balkïsalar, balkïsar
optative			*balkïgay ben	*balkïgay sen	*balkïgay	*balkïgay biz	*balkïgay siz	*balkïgay
progressive			*balkïmakda ben	*balkïmakda sen	*balkïmakda	*balkïmakda biz	*balkïmakda siz	*balkïmakda
necessitative			*balkïmalïg ben	*balkïmalïg sen	*balkïmalïg	*balkïmalïg biz	*balkïmalïg siz	*balkïmalïg
imperative			*balkïyayïn	*balkï, balkïgïl	*balkïzun	*balkïyalïm	*balkïyïŋ	*balkïzun
Negative
infinitive			*balkïmamak
participle	present		*balkïmagan, balkïmagma, balkïmaz
	past		*balkïmaduk, balkïmamïš
	future		*balkïmačï, balkïmasïk, balkïmayačak
verbal noun			*balkïmama, balkïmag, balkïmagu
way of doing			*balkïmaš
			singular			plural
			1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
			*ben	*sen	*ol	*biz	*siz	*olar
indicative	aorist		*balkïmaz ben	*balkïmaz sen	*balkïmaz	*balkïmaz biz	*balkïmaz siz	*balkïmaz
	past	simple	*balkïmadïm	*balkïmadïŋ	*balkïmadï	*balkïmadïk, balkïmadïmïz	*balkïmadïŋïz	*balkïmadï
		inferential	*balkïmamïš ben	*balkïmamïš sen	*balkïmamïš	*balkïmamïš biz	*balkïmamïš siz	*balkïmamïš
	future	simple	*balkïmačï ben, balkïmayačak ben	*balkïmačï sen, balkïmayačak sen	*balkïmačï, balkïmayačak	*balkïmačï biz, balkïmayačak biz	*balkïmačï siz, balkïmayačak siz	*balkïmačï, balkïmayačak
		predictive	*balkïmagay ben	*balkïmagay sen	*balkïmagay	*balkïmagay biz	*balkïmagay siz	*balkïmagay
		necessitive	*balkïmasïkïm	*balkïmasïkïŋ	*balkïmasïk	*balkïmasïkïmïz	*balkïmasïkïŋïz	*balkïmasïk
conditional			*balkïmasam, balkïmasar ben	*balkïmasaŋ, balkïmasar sen	*balkïmasa, balkïmasar	*balkïmasak, balkïmasamïz, balkïmasar biz	*balkïmasaŋïz, balkïmasar siz	*balkïmasalar, balkïmasar
optative			*balkïmagay ben	*balkïmagay sen	*balkïmagay	*balkïmagay biz	*balkïmagay siz	*balkïmagay
progressive			*balkïmamakda ben	*balkïmamakda sen	*balkïmamakda	*balkïmamakda biz	*balkïmamakda siz	*balkïmamakda
necessitative			*balkïmamalïg ben	*balkïmamalïg sen	*balkïmamalïg	*balkïmamalïg biz	*balkïmamalïg siz	*balkïmamalïg
imperative			*balkïmayayïn	*balkïma, balkïmagïl	*balkïmazun	*balkïmayalïm	*balkïmayïŋ	*balkïmazun

Descendants

Common Turkic:

• Oghuz:
  • West Oghuz:
    • Old Anatolian Turkish:
      • Ottoman Turkish:
        • Turkish: balkımak, balkmak
  • East Oghuz:
    • ⇒ Turkmen: balkyldamak
• Kipchak:
  • North Kipchak:
    • Bashkir: балҡыу (balqıw)
    • Tatar: балкырга (balkırga)
  • South Kipchak:
    • Kazakh: балқу (balqu, “to melt”)
    • Karaim: balkymak

References

• Tietze, Andreas (2002) “barkı-/balkı-”, in Tarihi ve Etimolojik Türkiye Türkçesi Lügati (in Turkish), volume I, Istanbul, Vienna: Simurg Kitapçılık, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, page 591
• Sevortjan, E. V. (1978) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov (in Russian), volume II, Moscow: Nauka, pages 56-57
• Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*bAlk-”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎^[1], Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill