Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/-duk

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Alternative forms

• *-dük
• *-tuk
• *-tük

Suffix

*-duk

1. Suffix creating perfect participles from verbs

   ‎*seb- (“to love”) + ‎*-duk → ‎*sebdük (“loved”)

Usage notes

1. Contrary to modern usages, as in Old Turkic and Bulgar language, the consonants l, r and n are followed by the strong consonant form; remaining sounds are followed by the soft consonant form. For example;

   ‎*öl- (“to die”) + ‎*-duk → ‎*öltük (“dead”)

2. In most descendents, it's usually used with possessive suffixes, this creates verbal participles.

   ‎*seb- (“to love”) + ‎*-duk → ‎*sebdüküm (“the one I love”)

Descendants

• Oghur:
  • Volga Bulgar: -رُوى (-ruwi) (<*dugı<*duk-ı), -طُوي (-tuwi) (<*tugı<*tuk-ı)
    • Chuvash: -тӗ (-tĕ), -рӗ (-rĕ), -тӑ (-tă), -рӑ (-ră)
• Common Turkic:

• Oghuz:
  • Old Anatolian Turkish: [script needed] (-duk)
    • Azerbaijani: -dıyı
    • Ottoman Turkish:
      • Gagauz:
      • Turkish: -dık, -dik
  • Turkmen: -dyk, -dik
  • Salar:
• Siberian:
  • Old Turkic: [script needed] (-duk)

References

• Tekin, Talât (1988) Volga Bulgar kitabeleri ve Volga Bulgarcası‎^[1], Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, →ISBN, page 30
• Teki̇n, Talât (1997) “Eski Türkçedeki {-dOk} İsim-Fiil Eki Üzerine”, in Atatürk Üniversitesi Türkiyat Araştırmaları Enstitüsü Dergisi, number 47, pages 371–377
• Erdal, Marcel (2004) “+dOk”, in A Grammar of Old Turkic (Handbook of Oriental Studies. Section 8 Uralic & Central Asian Studies; 3), Brill Academic Publishers, →ISBN, page 293
• Krueger, John Richard (1961) Chuvash Manual: Introduction, Grammar, Reader, and Vocabulary (Uralic and Altaic Series; 7), Indiana University, →ISBN, page 105