Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/ēĺük

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Alternative forms

• *eĺik (per Clauson and Räsänen)
• *ẹ̄ĺik (per Sevortyan)
• *eĺük, *eĺǖk (per Clauson)

Etymology

By surface analysis, *ēĺü- (“to cover over”) +‎ *-k (“deverbal suffix”).

Senses 1 and 2 are independent developments from the same Proto-Turkic root, with some descendants differentiating the different forms with different vowel lenghts and/or different realizations of the initial *ē-, thus it is hard to accurately pinpoint the original vowel length of this term. According to Sevortyan, the oldest attestations of this term point to an ẹ̄- instead of ē-.

Noun

*ēĺük

1. threshold, doorsill, door
2. blanket, quilt
   1. curtain, tent window
   2. dress, clothes, gown

Declension

Declension of *ēĺük

	Singular 3)
Nominative	*ēĺük
Accusative	*ēĺüküg, *ēĺükni1)
Genitive	*ēĺüknüŋ
Dative	*ēĺükke
Locative	*ēĺükde
Ablative	*ēĺükden
Allative	*ēĺükgerü
Instrumental 2)	*ēĺükün
Equative 2)	*ēĺükče
Similative 2)	*ēĺükleyü
Comitative 2)	*ēĺüklügü

¹⁾ Originally only in pronominal declension.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.

Descendants

• Oghur: *elik (“threshold”)
  • Old Chuvash: *elĭk
    • Middle Chuvash: *alı̈̆k
      • Chuvash: алӑк (alăk)
• Common Turkic: *ẹ̄šik (“threshold”), *ēšük (“blanket, cover”)

• Arghu:
  • Khalaj: êşük (“door”)
• Oghuz:
  • Old Anatolian Turkish:
    • Azerbaijani: eşik
    • Gagauz: eşik
    • Turkish: eşik
  • Turkmen: iişik (“brink, threshold”)
• Kipchak:
  • Kipchak-Cuman:
    • Kumyk: эшик (eşik)
    • Karachay-Balkar: эшик (eşik)
  • Kipchak-Bulgar:
    • Tatar: ишек (işek)
    • Bashkir: ишек (işek)
  • Kipchak-Nogai:
    • Karakalpak: esik
    • Kazakh: есік (esık)
    • Nogai: эсик (ésik)
  • Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
    • Kyrgyz: эшик (eşik)
    • Southern Altai: эжик (ežik)
• Karluk:
  • Karakhanid: ایِشِك (éšik)
    • Chagatai: ایشك (éšik)
      • Uyghur: ئىشىك (ishik)
      • Uzbek: eshik
• Siberian Turkic:
  • Old Uyghur: 𐽰𐽶𐽿𐽶𐽷 (éšik, “doorsill, door”), 𐽰𐽿𐽳𐽷 (ešük, “blanket”)
    • Western Yugur: səhk (sïq)
  • South Siberian Turkic:
    • Northern Altai: эжик (ežik), эджик (edžik)
    • Khakas: ізік (ìzìk)
    • Shor: эжик
    • Sayan Turkic:
      • Tuvan: эжик (ejik)
      • Tofa: эч̡ик (eǰik)

References

• Clauson, Gerard (1972) “éşik, eşük”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 260
• Eren, Hasan (1999) “eşik”, in Türk Dilinin Etimolojik Sözlüğü [Etymological Dictionary of the Turkish Language] (in Turkish), Ankara: Bizim Büro Basım Evi, page 140
• Nadeljajev, V. M.; Nasilov, D. M.; Tenišev, E. R.; Ščerbak, A. M., editors (1969), “EŠIK”, in Drevnetjurkskij slovarʹ [Dictionary of Old Turkic] (in Russian), Leningrad: USSR Academy of Sciences, Nauka, page 185
• Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 51
• Sevortjan, E. V. (1974) “И:ШИК/I:ŠIK”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume 1, Moscow: Nauka, pages 396-398