Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/öpke

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

Perhaps related to Manchu ᡠᡶᡠᡥᡠ (ufuhu, “lung”).

Noun

*öpke

1. lung
2. anger

Declension

Declension of *öpke

	Singular 3)
Nominative	*öpke
Accusative	*öpkeg, *öpkeni1)
Genitive	*öpkeniŋ
Dative	*öpkeke
Locative	*öpkede
Ablative	*öpkeden
Allative	*öpkegerü
Instrumental 2)	*öpken
Equative 2)	*öpkeče
Similative 2)	*öpkeleyü
Comitative 2)	*öpkeligü

¹⁾ Originally only in pronominal declension.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.

Descendants

• Oghur
  • Chuvash: ӳпке (üpke)
• Common Turkic: *öpke

• Oghuz: *öwke ("anger"), *öwken ("lungs")
  • Old Anatolian Turkish: اوكه (öwke, “anger”), اويكه (öyke, “anger”), ايكن (öyken, “lungs”), اويكن (öyken, “lungs”)
    • Azerbaijani: öfkə (“lungs; anger”), öxbə (“lungs”) (dial.), öfgə (“lungs”) (dial.), öfkələnmək (“to get angry”)
    • Ottoman Turkish: اوفكه (öfke, “anger”), اويكه (öyke, “anger”), اويكن (öyken, “lungs”), اويكهلنمك (öykelenmek, “to get angry”)
      • Gagauz: üfke (“anger”)
      • Turkish: öfke, öfkelenmek, öyke (“anger”) (dialectal), öyken (“lungs”) (dialectal), övken (“asthma”) (dialectal), öykelenmek (dialectal), övkelenmek (dialectal)
  • Salar: öken (“lungs”)
  • Turkmen: öýke (“sadness”), öýken (“lungs”), öýkelemek
• Karluk:
  • Karakhanid: [script needed] (öpke)
    • Uyghur: ئۆپكە (öpke)
    • Uzbek: oʻpka
• Kypchak:
  • North Kipchak:
    • Bashkir: үпкә (üpkə)
    • Tatar: үпкә (üpkä)
  • West Kipchak:
    • Crimean Tatar: öpke
    • Karachay-Balkar: ёпке (öpke)
    • Kumyk: оьпке (öpke)
  • South Kipchak:
    • Caspian:
      • Karakalpak: ókpe
      • Kazakh: өкпе (ökpe)
      • Nogai: оьпке (öpke)
    • Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
      • Kyrgyz: өпкө (öpkö)
      • Southern Altai: ӧкпӧ (ökpö)
• Siberian:
  • Old Turkic: [script needed] (öpke) (Yenisei)
    • Old Uyghur: [script needed] (öpke, övke)
      • Western Yugur: üʰkpi, [script needed] (öhkbe)
  • Sayan:
    • Tofa: өъкпэ (ö"kpe)
    • Tuvan: өкпе (ökpe)
    • Dukhan: öʰkpe
  • Yenisei:
    • Khakas: ӧкпе
    • Shor: ӧкпе
    • Western Yugur: üʰkpi

Further reading

• “öyke, öyken”, in Türkiye'de halk ağzından derleme sözlüğü [Compilation Dictionary of Popular Speech in Turkey] (in Turkish), volume 9, Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu, 1977
• “öyke, öyken”, in XIII. Yüzyılından Beri Türkiye Türkçesiyle Yazılmış Kitaplarından Toplanan Tanıklarıyle Tarama Sözlüğü (Türk Dil Kurumu yayınları; 212)‎^[1] (in Turkish), Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu, 1963–1977
• Clauson, Gerard (1972) “”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 9
• Sevortjan, E. V. (1974) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume 1, Moscow: Nauka, page 540
• Tenišev E. R., editor (2001), Sravnitelʹno-istoričeskaja grammatika tjurkskix jazykov: Leksika [Comparative Historical Grammar of Turkic Languages: Lexis] (in Russian), volume 4, Moscow: Nauka, pages 276-277
• Jegorov, V. G. (1964) “ӳпке”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ čuvašskovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Chuvash Language] (in Russian), Cheboksary: Čuvašskoje knižnoje izdatelʹstvo, page 280