Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/öküŕ

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Alternative reconstructions

• *höküŕ

Etymology

Argued to be borrowed from Proto-Tocharian *wəkʷsó (“draft-ox”), yet this is disputed. Alternatively a Wanderwort.

Without taking a side in the debate, it should be noted that Proto-Uralic *uškɜ (“ox, bull”) might be accepted as being derived from PIE, per the sources on the PIE root's page. This is relevant because geographically, Proto-Uralic would have been spoken somewhere between PIE and Proto-Turkic.

Noun

*öküŕ

1. ox, bull

Declension

Declension of *öküŕ

	Singular 3)
Nominative	*öküŕ
Accusative	*öküŕüg, *öküŕni1)
Genitive	*öküŕnüŋ
Dative	*öküŕke
Locative	*öküŕte
Ablative	*öküŕten
Allative	*öküŕgerü
Instrumental 2)	*öküŕün
Equative 2)	*öküŕče
Similative 2)	*öküŕleyü
Comitative 2)	*öküŕlügü

¹⁾ Originally only in pronominal declension.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.

Descendants

• Oghur: *ökür
  • Chuvash: вӑкӑр (văk̬ăr)
  • → Hungarian: ökör (“ox”)
• Common Turkic:

• Old Turkic: 𐰈𐰛𐰈𐰕 (öküz)
• Karakhanid: اُكُوزْ (ökǖz)
• Karluk: *öküz
  • Uzbek: hoʻkiz
  • Uyghur: ئۆكۈز (öküz)
• Kipchak: *ögüz
  • West Kipchak:
    • Karaim: oküz, ögüz
    • Karachay-Balkar: ёгюз (ögüz)
    • Kumyk: ёгюз (yogüz)
  • North Kipchak:
    • Bashkir: үгеҙ (ügeź)
    • Tatar: үгез (ügez)
  • South Kipchak:
    • Caspian:
      • Karakalpak: ögiz
      • Kazakh: өгіз (ögız)
      • Nogai: оьгиз (ögiz)
    • Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
      • Kyrgyz: өгүз (ögüz)
• Oghuz: *öküz
  • Old Anatolian Turkish:
    • Azerbaijani: öküz
    • Ottoman Turkish: اوكوز (öküz)
      • Gagauz: yöküz
      • Turkish: öküz
  • East Oghuz:
    • Turkmen: öküz
• Siberian:
  • Western Yugur: [script needed] (kus)
    • North Siberian:
      • Dolgan: оғус (ogus)
      • Yakut: оҕус (oğus)
• → Proto-Mongolic: *hüker (“bovine; ox”)
  • Buryat: үхэр (üxer, “cattle”)
  • Daur: xukur
  • Middle Mongol: [script needed] (hüker)
    • Mongolian: үхэр (üxer, “cattle”)
  • → Even: хөкэн (hökən), хөкөн (hökön, “cow”)
  • → Evenki: [script needed] (uxur), хукур (hukur, “cow”)