Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/ïm

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

Compared to Proto-Mongolic *(h)im (“sign”), Proto-Tungusic *pim (“sign”). (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

Noun

*ïm

1. (Common Turkic) sign

Declension

Declension of *ïm (Common Turkic)

	singular	plural2)
nominative	*ïm	*ïmlar
accusative
genitive	*ïmnïŋ	*ïmlarnïŋ
dative	*ïmka	*ïmlarka
locative	*ïmda	*ïmlarda
ablative	*ïmdan	*ïmlardan
instrumental1)		*ïmlarïn
equative1)	*ïmča	*ïmlarča

¹⁾The original instrumental and equative cases have fallen into disuse in many Common Turkic languages.
²⁾This plural suffix is used only on Common Turkic, and not in Oghur. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page on Wikibooks.

Descendants

• Oghuz:
  • Old Anatolian Turkish:
    • Ottoman Turkish: ام (im)
      • Turkish: im
  • Turkmen: üm
• Karluk:
  • Karakhanid: اِمْ (im)
    • Uyghur: ئىم (im)
    • Uzbek: im
• Kipchak:
  • Kipchak–Bulgar:
    • Bashkir: ым (ım)
    • Tatar: ым (ım)
  • Kipchak–Cuman:
    • Kumyk: юм (yum)
  • Kipchak–Nogai:
    • Karakalpak: iʼm
    • Kazakh: ым (ym)
    • Nogai: [script needed] (ım)
  • Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
    • Kyrgyz: ым (ım)
    • Southern Altai: [script needed] (um)
• Siberian:
  • North Siberian:
    • Yakut: [script needed] (im)
    • Dolgan: [script needed] (imneek)
  • South Siberian:
    • Sayan:
      • Tuvan: [script needed] (im)

References

• Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*ɨm”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill